Rumen GI Part 3

Question 1

What is the ratio of acetic/propionic/butyric acids for:
Animals eating high-forage diets?

Answer 1

70:20:10

Question 2

What is the ratio of acetic/propionic/butyric acids for:
Animals eating high-grain diets?

Answer 2

60:30:10

Question 3

What is the highest acid concentration in ruminants?

Answer 3

Acetate

Question 4

What 4 vitamins are synthesizes by ruminal microbes?

Answer 4

C, K, B1 and B12

Question 5

What vitamin deficiency is observed after a sudden change of feed from roughage to concentrate?

Answer 5

B1

Question 6

What vitamin deficiency is cobalt poor soils or using diets with too much grain?

Answer 6

B12

Question 7

What type of VFA mechanism is:
Cannot diffuse and need a carrier

Answer 7

Ionized

Question 8

What type of VFA mechanism is:
Are lipophilic and can just diffuse through apical membrane

Answer 8

Non-ionized

Question 9

What element is used in antiport for ionized VFAs to move between lumen and rumen epithelium?

Answer 9

HCO3

Question 10

What is caused when fast fermentable carbs (starch rich diet) leads to an increase in VFA production —> more acidic rumen

Answer 10

Rumen acidosis

Question 11

Reduced mastication = ____ HCO3-

Answer 11

Low

Question 12

When the rumen pH is less than 4.8 more VFA will be in ____ ______ form and can easily diffuse into the cell

Answer 12

Non-ionized

Question 13

What element is affected in the presence of high potassium concentrations? Young pastures or potassium fertilized pastures —> pastures grass tetany?

Answer 13

Magnesium

Question 14

What condition has these symptoms:
Irritability
Muscle twitching
Staring
Incoordination
Staggering
Collapse
Thrashing
Head thrown back
Coma, followed by death

Answer 14

Pastures grass tetany

Question 15

The omasum =
Absorption of _______, ______, ____, and ____
________ reabsorption

Answer 15

Water
SCFA
Na
Cl

HCO3-