GI Part 8- 3

Question 1

What is a defense mechanism and important clinical sign activated in order to eliminate GI content, is coordinated in the brainstem?

Answer 1

Vomiting

Question 2

Vomiting stimulu after absorption = stimulate the __________ trigger zone (CTZ) in area postrema

Answer 2

Chemoreceptor

Question 3

What are the steps of vomiting:

Answer 3

1- antiperstaltic wave originates in duodenum
2- propulsion of ingesta towards stomach
3- contraction of abdominal musculature increasing intraabdominal pressure
4- expansion of chest while glottis remains closed to lower intrathoracic pressure
5- relax lower esophageal sphincter
6- open upper esophageal sphincter

Question 4

What refers to an increase in frequency of defecation or fecal volume, often due to increased water content?

Answer 4

Diarrhea

Question 5

What type of diarrhea:
Occurs when absorption is inadequate to recover all secreted water

Answer 5

Malabsorptive

Question 6

What type of diarrhea:
Viral, bacterial, protozoan infections
Destruction of vili and reduced length
Shortened vili = loss of absorptive intestinal surface area
More affected = mature enterocytes

Answer 6

Malabsorptive

Question 7

What type of diarrhea:
Occurs when rate of intestinal secretion increases and overwhelms the absorptive capacity

Answer 7

Secretory

Question 8

What sphincter is both parasympathetic and sympathetic, sympathetic = constriction and parasympathetic = relaxation?

Answer 8

Internal

Question 9

What sphincter is normally topically contracted?

Answer 9

Internal

Question 10

What reflex is defecation?

Answer 10

Rectosphincter

Question 11

What is this reflex:
Feces accumulates in rectum —> peristaltic movement of feces into rectum and relax of internal sphincter —> urge to defecate

Answer 11

Rectosphincter