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History Class8 > Ruling The Countryside > Flashcards

Ruling The Countryside Flashcards

1
Q

Robert Clive accepted the Diwani Rights of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa in which year?

A

1765

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2
Q

What responsibility did the East India Company get after receiving the diwani rights ?

A

Administering land and organize it’s revenue resources

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3
Q

Why was the company unwilling to set up any regular system of assessment and collection?

A

It only saw itself as a trading company

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4
Q

What was the impact that occurred when the british were unwilling to set up any regular system of assessment and collection?

A

Impant on :
Artisans (low prices)
Peasants (high taxes)
Famine of 1770 (1/3rd pop. wiped out- 10 million)

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5
Q

When was Permanent Settlement System introduced?

A

1793

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6
Q

Explain Permanent Settlement

A

Zamindars were asked to collect tax from peasants and pay them to the British. The zamindars were given a part of the revenue.

Amount of revenue was fixed permanently.

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7
Q

Why was permanent settlement system introduced?

A

It would ensure a proper flow of revenue into the company’s coffers

It would encourage zamindars to invest in improving the land (because they got a part of the revenue.)

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8
Q

Problems with permanent settlement

A

The zamindars were unable to pay the high revenue

When the situation improved and the market grew; increasing the revenue, the zamindars lost interest in investing in the land.

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9
Q

Why did the peasants find the permanent settlement system oppressive?

A

High revenue

Problem with moneylenders

Rights on land was insecure

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10
Q

Who introduced permanent settlement?

A

Charles Cornwallis

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11
Q

Why was Mahalwari system introduced?

A

British needed more money to meet expenses

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12
Q

Who introduced Mahalwari System?

A

Holt Makenzie

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13
Q

What happened in Mahalwari system

A

Revenue was estimated by collectors and paid by village headmen.

Revenue was to be revised periodically

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14
Q

Where was mahalwari system introduced?

A

North-western provinces of Bengal.

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15
Q

Where was ryotwari/ munro system introduced

A

South Parts of India

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16
Q

Who tried Ryotwari system on a small scale?

A

Captain Alexander Read

17
Q

Who developed Munro system?

A

Thomas Munro

18
Q

Who were Ryots?

A

Small cultivators in South India

19
Q

What happened in the Munro system?

A

Colonial officers collected tax directly from ryots

20
Q

Why did Thomas Munro introduce the Munro system?

A

He thought that the British should act as a paternal father figure and protect the ryots from exploitation from zamindars.

21
Q

Problem with Mahalwari and Ryotwari?

A

Too much taxation

22
Q

On what crops did the company focus on in India

A

Indigo and Opium

23
Q

Why was indigo produced in India and not in Britain?

A

India had a tropical climate.

24
Q

What was the European substitute to Indigo?

A

Woad

25
Q

Why was there demand for Indigo if Woad was availible?

A

Woad produced a dull color; while Indigo produced a vibrant blue color.

26
Q

Why did Woad producers want heavy taxing on Indigo?

A

They feared competition from Indigo as it was more vibrant

27
Q

Name the two systems for Indigo cultivation

A

Nij and Ryoti

28
Q

What happened in Nij System?

A

Planters produced indigo in their own lands

29
Q

What happened in Ryoti System?

A

Planters forced ryots into signing an agreement to grow indigo.

30
Q

Problems with nij cultivation .

A

No one was willing to sell fertile land.
Conflict in acquisition of land
Availability of workers was low
Too much investment required

31
Q

Problems with Ryoti System

A

Cycle of loans never ended for cultivators

Indigo consumed too much water, leaving none for rice cultivation

32
Q

Reasons for blue rebellion

A

Peasants felt that they had the support of zamindars

They thought that the British government would support them

33
Q

What made the ryots perceive as a sign of sympathy?

A

Lieutenant governor toured the region

34
Q

What notice did Ashley Edens issue?

A

‘Ryots would not be compelled to accept indigo contracts’

35
Q

Why was the indigo commission set up by the British

A

To make provisions for the ryots.

36
Q

Demand for indigo was affected by _____.

A

Synthetic Dyes.

37
Q

Champaran movement was against _____.

A

Indigo Planters in Bihar

History Class8 (5 decks)

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