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Rules of the (Grammar) Road Flashcards

1
Q

Words ending in:
…o (i.e., ragazzo, libro)

Maschile or Femminile?

A

Maschile

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2
Q

Words ending in:
…ema (i.e., sistema)
Maschile or Femminile?

A

Maschile

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3
Q

Words ending in:
…ore (i.e., professore)
Maschile or Femminile?

A

Maschile

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4
Q

Words ending in:
…a (i.e., ragazza, penna)
Maschile or Femminile?

A

Femminile

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5
Q

Words ending in:
…zione (i.e., operazione)
Maschile or Femminile?

A

Femminile

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6
Q

Words ending in:
…ista (i.e., turista)
Maschile or Femminile?

A

Both maschile and femminile

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7
Q

Words ending in:
…e (i.e., ristorante, classe)
Maschile or Femminile?

A

Depends. Some are maschile, some femminile. Just have to learn over time.

(P.S. ristorante = M, classe = F)

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8
Q

Words ending in:
…consonant (i.e., bar, computer)
Maschile or Femminile?

A

Almost always maschile
(except T-shirt, which is femminile)

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9
Q

When do you use Un?

A

When the word is MASCHILE and starts with a CONSONANT or VOWEL
- un ragazzo
- un amico

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10
Q

When do you use Uno?

A

When the word is MASCHILE and starts with:
S+consonant (uno studente)
Z (uno zaino)
Gn (uno gnocco)
Ps (uno psicolago)

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11
Q

When do you use Una?

A

When the word is FEMMINILE and starts with a CONSONANT.
- Una ragazza
- Una penna

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12
Q

When do you use Un’?

A

When the word is FEMMINILE and starts with a VOWEL.
- Un’ amica
- Un’ erba

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13
Q

Singular to Plural:
(il) libro

A

(i) libri

(pluralize maschile words ending in -o by ending them in -i)

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14
Q

Singular to Plural:
(il) ristorante

A

(i) ristoranti

(pluralize maschile words ending in -e by ending them in -i)

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15
Q

Singular to plural:
(il) parco
(L’) obelisco

A

(i) parchi
(gli) obelischi

(pluralize maschile words ending in -co by ending them in -chi)

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16
Q

Singular to plural:
(il) lago
(il) fungo

A

(i) laghi
(i) funghi

(pluralize maschile words ending in -go by ending them in -ghi)

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17
Q

Singular to plural:
(Lo) studente

A

(gli) studenti

(pluralize maschile words ending in -e by ending them in -i)

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18
Q

Singular to plural:
(il) turista

A

(i) turisti

(pluralize m/f words ending in -a by ending them in -i if it’s maschile)

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19
Q

Singular to plural:
(il) problema

A

(i) problemi

(pluralize maschile words ending in -ema by ending them in -i)

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20
Q

Singular to plural:
(L’) amico

A

(gli) amici

(pluralize maschile words ending in -ico by ending them in -ici)

21
Q

Singular to plural:
(la) porta

A

(le) porte

(pluralize femminile words ending in -a by ending them in -e)

22
Q

Singular to plural:
(la) classe

A

(le) classi

(pluralize femminile words ending in -e by ending them in -i)

23
Q

Singular to plural:
(L’) amica

A

(le) amiche

(pluralize femminile words ending in -ca by ending them in -che)

24
Q

Singular to plural:
(la) collega

A

(le) colleghe

(pluralize femminile words ending in -ga by ending them in -ghe)

25
Singular to plural: (la) turista
(le) turiste (pluralize m/f words ending in -a by ending them in -e if it's feminine)
26
Singular to plural: (il) bar (il) computer (la) t-shirt
(i) bar (i) computer (le) t-shirt (non-Italian words do not change the ending)
27
Singular to plural: (la) città
(le) città (no change to ending when there's an accent mark)
28
Singular to plural: il caffè
(i) caffè (no change to ending when there's an accent mark)
29
When do you use il (the)?
When the word is SINGULAR, MASCHILE, and starts with a CONSONANT. Il libro Il ragazzo
30
When do you use L' (the)?
When the word is SINGULAR, either MASCHILE OR FEMMINILE, and starts with a VOWEL (or starts with consonant that sounds like a vowel). L'amico L'hotel L'amica
31
When do you use lo (the)?
When the word is SINGULAR, MASCHILE, and starts with ST, Z, GN, or PS. lo studente lo zaino lo gnoccho lo psicologo
32
When do you use i (the)?
When the word is PLURAL, MASCHILE, and starts with a CONSONANT. i libri i bambini
33
When do you use gli (the)?
When the word is PLURAL, MASCHILE, and starts with a VOWEL or ST, Z, GN, or PS (or sounds like a vowel). gli amici gli elefanti gli zaini gli studenti gli gnocchi gli psicologi gli hotel
34
When do you use la (the)?
When the word is SINGULAR, FEMMINILE, and starts with a CONSONANT. la penna la bambina
35
When do you use le (the)?
When the word is PLURAL and FEMMINILE (both starting w/consonants and vowels) le penne le bambine le amiche le ore le università
36
Singular to plural: (la) foto (la) moto (il) cinema
(le) foto (le) moto) (i) cinema (these words are shortened, so you don't change the ending unless you used the entire word, like motocicletta / motociclette)
37
When do you use buon (good)?
Before a MASCHILE, SINGULAR word starting with CONSONANT or VOWEL. Un buon ragazzo Un buon libro Un buon amico
38
When do you use buono (good)?
Before a MASCHILE, SINGULAR word starting with S+ CONSONANT, Z, GN, or PS Un buono studente Un buono zaino
39
When do you use buoni (good)?
Before any MASCHILE, PLURAL words Buoni studenti Buoni ragazzi Buoni amici
40
When do you use buona (good)?
Before a FEMMINILE, SINGULAR word that starts with a CONSONANT Una buona ragazza Una buona lezione Una buona gatta
41
When do you use buon' (good)?
Before a FEMMINILE, SINGULAR word that starts with a VOWEL. Una buon'amica Una buon'idea
42
When do you use buone (good)?
Before any FEMMINILE, PLURAL words Buone amiche Buone ragazze Buone gatte
43
When do you use bel (nice/beautiful)?
With any MASCHILE, SINGULAR words starting with a CONSONANT. Che bel libro Il bel cane
44
When do you use bell' (nice/beautiful)?
With any MACHILE or FEMMINILE, SINGULAR words starting with a VOWEL. Che bell'università Che bell'obelisco Il bell'uomo Un bell'amico
45
When do you use bello (nice/beautiful)?
With any MASCHILE, SINGULAR words starting with S+CONSONANT, Z, PS, or, GN. Che bello zaino Che bello studente
46
When do you use bei (nice/beautiful)?
With any MASCHILE, PLURAL words starting with a CONSONANT. I bei libri Che bei cani
47
When do you use begli (nice/beautiful)?
With any MASCHILE, PLURAL words starting with a VOWEL or S+CONSONANT, Z, PS, or, GN. I begli zaini Che begli studenti Che begli amici
48
When do you use bella (nice/beautiful)?
With any FEMMINILE, SINGULAR words that starting with a CONSONANT La bella piazza Che bella gatta
49
When do you use belle (nice/beautiful)?
With any FEMMINILE, PLURAL words. Le belle piazze Che belle amiche

Italian (16 decks)

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