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Italian > Rules of the (Grammar) Road > Flashcards

Rules of the (Grammar) Road Flashcards

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Italian Verbs flashcards
1
Q

Words ending in:
…o (i.e., ragazzo, libro)

Maschile or Femminile?

A

Maschile

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2
Q

Words ending in:
…ema (i.e., sistema)
Maschile or Femminile?

A

Maschile

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3
Q

Words ending in:
…ore (i.e., professore)
Maschile or Femminile?

A

Maschile

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4
Q

Words ending in:
…a (i.e., ragazza, penna)
Maschile or Femminile?

A

Femminile

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5
Q

Words ending in:
…zione (i.e., operazione)
Maschile or Femminile?

A

Femminile

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6
Q

Words ending in:
…ista (i.e., turista)
Maschile or Femminile?

A

Both maschile and femminile

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7
Q

Words ending in:
…e (i.e., ristorante, classe)
Maschile or Femminile?

A

Depends. Some are maschile, some femminile. Just have to learn over time.

(P.S. ristorante = M, classe = F)

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8
Q

Words ending in:
…consonant (i.e., bar, computer)
Maschile or Femminile?

A

Almost always maschile
(except T-shirt, which is femminile)

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9
Q

When do you use Un?

A

When the word is MASCHILE and starts with a CONSONANT or VOWEL
- un ragazzo
- un amico

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10
Q

When do you use Uno?

A

When the word is MASCHILE and starts with:
S+consonant (uno studente)
Z (uno zaino)
Gn (uno gnocco)
Ps (uno psicolago)

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11
Q

When do you use Una?

A

When the word is FEMMINILE and starts with a CONSONANT.
- Una ragazza
- Una penna

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12
Q

When do you use Un’?

A

When the word is FEMMINILE and starts with a VOWEL.
- Un’ amica
- Un’ erba

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13
Q

Singular to Plural:
(il) libro

A

(i) libri

(pluralize maschile words ending in -o by ending them in -i)

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14
Q

Singular to Plural:
(il) ristorante

A

(i) ristoranti

(pluralize maschile words ending in -e by ending them in -i)

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15
Q

Singular to plural:
(il) parco
(L’) obelisco

A

(i) parchi
(gli) obelischi

(pluralize maschile words ending in -co by ending them in -chi)

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16
Q

Singular to plural:
(il) lago
(il) fungo

A

(i) laghi
(i) funghi

(pluralize maschile words ending in -go by ending them in -ghi)

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17
Q

Singular to plural:
(Lo) studente

A

(gli) studenti

(pluralize maschile words ending in -e by ending them in -i)

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18
Q

Singular to plural:
(il) turista

A

(i) turisti

(pluralize m/f words ending in -a by ending them in -i if it’s maschile)

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19
Q

Singular to plural:
(il) problema

A

(i) problemi

(pluralize maschile words ending in -ema by ending them in -i)

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20
Q

Singular to plural:
(L’) amico

A

(gli) amici

(pluralize maschile words ending in -ico by ending them in -ici)

21
Q

Singular to plural:
(la) porta

A

(le) porte

(pluralize femminile words ending in -a by ending them in -e)

22
Q

Singular to plural:
(la) classe

A

(le) classi

(pluralize femminile words ending in -e by ending them in -i)

23
Q

Singular to plural:
(L’) amica

A

(le) amiche

(pluralize femminile words ending in -ca by ending them in -che)

24
Q

Singular to plural:
(la) collega

A

(le) colleghe

(pluralize femminile words ending in -ga by ending them in -ghe)

25
Q

Singular to plural:
(la) turista

A

(le) turiste

(pluralize m/f words ending in -a by ending them in -e if it’s feminine)

26
Q

Singular to plural:
(il) bar
(il) computer
(la) t-shirt

A

(i) bar
(i) computer
(le) t-shirt

(non-Italian words do not change the ending)

27
Q

Singular to plural:
(la) città

A

(le) città

(no change to ending when there’s an accent mark)

28
Q

Singular to plural:
il caffè

A

(i) caffè

(no change to ending when there’s an accent mark)

29
Q

When do you use il (the)?

A

When the word is SINGULAR, MASCHILE, and starts with a CONSONANT.

Il libro
Il ragazzo

30
Q

When do you use L’ (the)?

A

When the word is SINGULAR, either MASCHILE OR FEMMINILE, and starts with a VOWEL (or starts with consonant that sounds like a vowel).

L’amico
L’hotel
L’amica

31
Q

When do you use lo (the)?

A

When the word is SINGULAR, MASCHILE, and starts with ST, Z, GN, or PS.

lo studente
lo zaino
lo gnoccho
lo psicologo

32
Q

When do you use i (the)?

A

When the word is PLURAL, MASCHILE, and starts with a CONSONANT.

i libri
i bambini

33
Q

When do you use gli (the)?

A

When the word is PLURAL, MASCHILE, and starts with a VOWEL or ST, Z, GN, or PS (or sounds like a vowel).

gli amici
gli elefanti
gli zaini
gli studenti
gli gnocchi
gli psicologi
gli hotel

34
Q

When do you use la (the)?

A

When the word is SINGULAR, FEMMINILE, and starts with a CONSONANT.

la penna
la bambina

35
Q

When do you use le (the)?

A

When the word is PLURAL and FEMMINILE (both starting w/consonants and vowels)

le penne
le bambine
le amiche
le ore
le università

36
Q

Singular to plural:
(la) foto
(la) moto
(il) cinema

A

(le) foto
(le) moto)
(i) cinema

(these words are shortened, so you don’t change the ending unless you used the entire word, like motocicletta / motociclette)

37
Q

When do you use buon (good)?

A

Before a MASCHILE, SINGULAR word starting with CONSONANT or VOWEL.

Un buon ragazzo
Un buon libro
Un buon amico

38
Q

When do you use buono (good)?

A

Before a MASCHILE, SINGULAR word starting with S+ CONSONANT, Z, GN, or PS

Un buono studente
Un buono zaino

39
Q

When do you use buoni (good)?

A

Before any MASCHILE, PLURAL words

Buoni studenti
Buoni ragazzi
Buoni amici

40
Q

When do you use buona (good)?

A

Before a FEMMINILE, SINGULAR word that starts with a CONSONANT

Una buona ragazza
Una buona lezione
Una buona gatta

41
Q

When do you use buon’ (good)?

A

Before a FEMMINILE, SINGULAR word that starts with a VOWEL.

Una buon’amica
Una buon’idea

42
Q

When do you use buone (good)?

A

Before any FEMMINILE, PLURAL words

Buone amiche
Buone ragazze
Buone gatte

43
Q

When do you use bel (nice/beautiful)?

A

With any MASCHILE, SINGULAR words starting with a CONSONANT.

Che bel libro
Il bel cane

44
Q

When do you use bell’ (nice/beautiful)?

A

With any MACHILE or FEMMINILE, SINGULAR words starting with a VOWEL.

Che bell’università
Che bell’obelisco
Il bell’uomo
Un bell’amico

45
Q

When do you use bello (nice/beautiful)?

A

With any MASCHILE, SINGULAR words starting with S+CONSONANT, Z, PS, or, GN.

Che bello zaino
Che bello studente

46
Q

When do you use bei (nice/beautiful)?

A

With any MASCHILE, PLURAL words starting with a CONSONANT.

I bei libri
Che bei cani

47
Q

When do you use begli (nice/beautiful)?

A

With any MASCHILE, PLURAL words starting with a VOWEL or S+CONSONANT, Z, PS, or, GN.

I begli zaini
Che begli studenti
Che begli amici

48
Q

When do you use bella (nice/beautiful)?

A

With any FEMMINILE, SINGULAR words that starting with a CONSONANT

La bella piazza
Che bella gatta

49
Q

When do you use belle (nice/beautiful)?

A

With any FEMMINILE, PLURAL words.

Le belle piazze
Che belle amiche

Italian (16 decks)

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