RULES OF INHERITANCE - NON - MENDELIAN Flashcards
Any pattern of inheritance in which traits do not segregate according to Mendel’s laws
non-mendelian genetics
Describes the inheritance of traits linked to single genes on chromosome in nucleus
non-mendelian genetics
these are conditions affected by several loci
non-mendelian genetics
A condition when during the heterozygous condition the dominant allele does not completely overpower the recessive allele but has blending of trait
incomplete dominance
A condition when during the heterozygous condition the dominant allele does not completely overpower the recessive allele and has no blending of trait
codominance
Dominant allele only partially mask the presence of recessive trait
incomplete dominance
Neither allele is dominant or recessive
codominance
these genes does not produce any antigen on the RBC
amorph/silent gene
what are the genotypes of blood type A?
AA or AO
what are the genotypes of blood type B?
BB or BO
what are the genotypes of blood type AB?
A B
what are the genotypes of blood type O?
OO
Inheritance pattern for traits that are controlled by more than one gene
polygenic inheritance
there is a phenotype gradient in this kind of inheritance
polygenic inheritance
Multiple genes affects the inheritance of one trait
polygenic inheritance
Genes capable of causing death of organism carrying them
lethal genes
The effect on phenotype is profoundly negative and causes the organism to exhibit many disadvantageous characteristics which can lead to death
lethal genes
Death from genetic disease can occur at any stage of development or life.
lethal genes
this disease is caused by an imitation in the enzyme hexosaminidase-Ab having a buildup of fatty acid in the cell and limit the life span to 3-5 years
tay-sachs disease
this disease is characterized with progressive breakdown of nerve cell in the brain and limits the life span from 10-25 years only
huntington’s disease
if two people with achondroplasia have children, each child has how many chances of inheriting achondroplasia?
2/3
if two people with achondroplasia have children, each child has how many chances of having a normal height?
1/3
if two people with achondroplasia have children, each child has how many chance of dying as embryos?
1/4
if one person with achondroplasia had a children with a normal person how many chances does each child inherits achondroplasia?
1/2
if one person with achondroplasia had a children with a normal person how many chances does each child have a normal height?
1/2
These charts are used to display family relationships and depict which relatives have specific phenotypes and sometimes genotypes
pedigrees
Represents relationship and sometimes traits
pedigrees
Interaction between alleles in heterozygotes
patterns of inheritance
- one allele controls the phenotype
- one parent must have the trait
- does not skip generation
dominant
- does not control the phenotype
- not expressed in heterozygous
- neither parent is required to have the trait since they can be heterozygous
recessive
what is the exception in recessive allele for it to be expressed even in heterozygotes?
sex-link inheritance (x-link or y-link)
the gene in question is located on one of the numbered chromosome or non-sex chromosome
autosomal
what is the ratio of autosomal inheritance between men and women
50/50
Transmission of traits depends on the genes in sex chromosome
x-linked/sex-linked
what transmission is not observed in sex-link inheritance?
male-to-male transmission
One mutated copy of the gene in each cell is sufficient for a person to be affected
autosomal dominant
male & female can transmit the trait to their offspring and does not skip generation
autosomal dominant
both parents are affected and homozygote for dominant condition is severe
autosomal dominant
Need 2 mutated copies of gene for it to manifest
autosomal recessive
affected person can have unaffected parents (carrier)
autosomal recessive
in autosomal recessive, if you have heterozygous parents, what is the ratio of the progeny that will be affected?
1/4
this show fewer affected individual and skips generation
autosomal recessive
what type of inheritance is involved in huntington disease?
autosomal dominant
what type of inheritance is involved in neurofibromatosis?
autosomal dominant
what type of inheritance is involved in cystic fibrosis?
autosomal recessive
what type of inheritance is involved in albinism?
autosomal recessive
there is no male to male transmission and it is more common in female
x-linked dominant
in x-linked dominant, if the father is affected, which offspring will inherit the gene?
daughters only
in x-linked dominant, if the mother is affected, which offspring will inherit the gene?
son and daughter
this has severe effect in male because there is no other allele to mask its effects
x-linked dominant
this always manifests in males but is rarely expressed in heterozygous female; skipping of generation
x-linked recessive
affected sons are born to affected mother
x-linked recessive
there is no male-male transmission but all daughters of affected father will become carrier
x-linked recessive
what type of inheritance is involved in hemophilia A?
x-linked recessive
what type of inheritance is involved in G6PD?
x-linked recessive
this is also called as holandric inheritance and only males are affected
y-linked recessive
it is passed from father to all sons and does not skip generations
y-linked recessive
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA
mitochondrial inheritance
Inherited through the maternal line
mitochondrial inheritance
Only daughters can pass it to their children but can affect both male and female offspring
mitochondrial inheritance
