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Cytogenetics > RULES OF INHERITANCE - NON - MENDELIAN > Flashcards

RULES OF INHERITANCE - NON - MENDELIAN Flashcards

1
Q

Any pattern of inheritance in which traits do not segregate according to Mendel’s laws

A

non-mendelian genetics

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2
Q

Describes the inheritance of traits linked to single genes on chromosome in nucleus

A

non-mendelian genetics

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3
Q

these are conditions affected by several loci

A

non-mendelian genetics

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4
Q

A condition when during the heterozygous condition the dominant allele does not completely overpower the recessive allele but has blending of trait

A

incomplete dominance

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5
Q

A condition when during the heterozygous condition the dominant allele does not completely overpower the recessive allele and has no blending of trait

A

codominance

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6
Q

Dominant allele only partially mask the presence of recessive trait

A

incomplete dominance

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7
Q

Neither allele is dominant or recessive

A

codominance

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8
Q

these genes does not produce any antigen on the RBC

A

amorph/silent gene

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9
Q

what are the genotypes of blood type A?

A

AA or AO

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10
Q

what are the genotypes of blood type B?

A

BB or BO

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11
Q

what are the genotypes of blood type AB?

A

A B

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12
Q

what are the genotypes of blood type O?

A

OO

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13
Q

Inheritance pattern for traits that are controlled by more than one gene

A

polygenic inheritance

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14
Q

there is a phenotype gradient in this kind of inheritance

A

polygenic inheritance

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15
Q

Multiple genes affects the inheritance of one trait

A

polygenic inheritance

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16
Q

Genes capable of causing death of organism carrying them

A

lethal genes

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17
Q

The effect on phenotype is profoundly negative and causes the organism to exhibit many disadvantageous characteristics which can lead to death

A

lethal genes

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18
Q

Death from genetic disease can occur at any stage of development or life.

A

lethal genes

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19
Q

this disease is caused by an imitation in the enzyme hexosaminidase-Ab having a buildup of fatty acid in the cell and limit the life span to 3-5 years

A

tay-sachs disease

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20
Q

this disease is characterized with progressive breakdown of nerve cell in the brain and limits the life span from 10-25 years only

A

huntington’s disease

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21
Q

if two people with achondroplasia have children, each child has how many chances of inheriting achondroplasia?

A

2/3

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22
Q

if two people with achondroplasia have children, each child has how many chances of having a normal height?

A

1/3

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23
Q

if two people with achondroplasia have children, each child has how many chance of dying as embryos?

A

1/4

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24
Q

if one person with achondroplasia had a children with a normal person how many chances does each child inherits achondroplasia?

A

1/2

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25
Q

if one person with achondroplasia had a children with a normal person how many chances does each child have a normal height?

A

1/2

26
Q

These charts are used to display family relationships and depict which relatives have specific phenotypes and sometimes genotypes

A

pedigrees

27
Q

Represents relationship and sometimes traits

A

pedigrees

28
Q

Interaction between alleles in heterozygotes

A

patterns of inheritance

29
Q
  • one allele controls the phenotype
  • one parent must have the trait
  • does not skip generation
A

dominant

30
Q
  • does not control the phenotype
  • not expressed in heterozygous
  • neither parent is required to have the trait since they can be heterozygous
A

recessive

31
Q

what is the exception in recessive allele for it to be expressed even in heterozygotes?

A

sex-link inheritance (x-link or y-link)

32
Q

the gene in question is located on one of the numbered chromosome or non-sex chromosome

A

autosomal

33
Q

what is the ratio of autosomal inheritance between men and women

A

50/50

34
Q

Transmission of traits depends on the genes in sex chromosome

A

x-linked/sex-linked

35
Q

what transmission is not observed in sex-link inheritance?

A

male-to-male transmission

36
Q

One mutated copy of the gene in each cell is sufficient for a person to be affected

A

autosomal dominant

37
Q

male & female can transmit the trait to their offspring and does not skip generation

A

autosomal dominant

38
Q

both parents are affected and homozygote for dominant condition is severe

A

autosomal dominant

39
Q

Need 2 mutated copies of gene for it to manifest

A

autosomal recessive

40
Q

affected person can have unaffected parents (carrier)

A

autosomal recessive

41
Q

in autosomal recessive, if you have heterozygous parents, what is the ratio of the progeny that will be affected?

A

1/4

42
Q

this show fewer affected individual and skips generation

A

autosomal recessive

43
Q

what type of inheritance is involved in huntington disease?

A

autosomal dominant

44
Q

what type of inheritance is involved in neurofibromatosis?

A

autosomal dominant

45
Q

what type of inheritance is involved in cystic fibrosis?

A

autosomal recessive

46
Q

what type of inheritance is involved in albinism?

A

autosomal recessive

47
Q

there is no male to male transmission and it is more common in female

A

x-linked dominant

48
Q

in x-linked dominant, if the father is affected, which offspring will inherit the gene?

A

daughters only

49
Q

in x-linked dominant, if the mother is affected, which offspring will inherit the gene?

A

son and daughter

50
Q

this has severe effect in male because there is no other allele to mask its effects

A

x-linked dominant

51
Q

this always manifests in males but is rarely expressed in heterozygous female; skipping of generation

A

x-linked recessive

52
Q

affected sons are born to affected mother

A

x-linked recessive

53
Q

there is no male-male transmission but all daughters of affected father will become carrier

A

x-linked recessive

54
Q

what type of inheritance is involved in hemophilia A?

A

x-linked recessive

55
Q

what type of inheritance is involved in G6PD?

A

x-linked recessive

56
Q

this is also called as holandric inheritance and only males are affected

A

y-linked recessive

57
Q

it is passed from father to all sons and does not skip generations

A

y-linked recessive

58
Q

Mutations in mitochondrial DNA

A

mitochondrial inheritance

59
Q

Inherited through the maternal line

A

mitochondrial inheritance

60
Q

Only daughters can pass it to their children but can affect both male and female offspring

A

mitochondrial inheritance

Cytogenetics (6 decks)

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