Rules for Present Subjunctive Flashcards
What is subjunctive?
It is a mood, like indicative and imperative. Indicative is based on fact while imperative is commanding someone to do something.
The subjunctive is used when someone uses a “wedding” verb towards something else. What does “wedding” stand for?
Wish
Emotion
Doubt
Demand
Impersonal Expressions
Negation
God
Two verbs are used when using the subjunctive. One is in the indicative and one is in the subjunctive. Which mood is used when conjugating the first verb?
Indicative
Which mood is used when conjugating the second verb?
Subjunctive
What word always goes between the two verbs?
Que (That)
-Demonstrative
Which verb is the wedding verb always going to be?
The 1st verb (Indicative)
What else can be said about when and why the subjunctive is used?
(Think subject)
When the subject changes. If the subject doesn’t change then you don’t use subjunctive.
What has to be constant in a sentence using the subjunctive?
Tense
What has to change in a sentence using the subjunctive?
(Besides subject)
Mood + Conjugation
Steps to follow when conjugating in Present Subjunctive
- Go to yo
- Drop the o
- Add the opposite ending
Conjugate hablar
Hable
Hables
Hable
Hablemos
Hablen
Conjugate escribir
Escriba
Escribas
Escriba
Escribamos
Escriban
What are the yo-go verbs?
Tener
Decir
Oír
Seguir
Traer
Venir
Salir
Hacer
Poner
Caer
Conjugate tener
Tenga
Tengas
Tenga
Tengamos
Tengas
Conjugate caer
Caiga
Caigas
Caiga
Caigamos
Caigan
Caber is special.
Conjugate it
Quepa
Quepas
Quepa
Quepamos
Quepan
What happens to -ger/-gir verbs?
They end in -jo in the yo form
Conjugate escoger
Escoja
Escojas
Escoja
Escojamos
Escojan
Conjugate dirigir
Dirija
Dirijas
Dirija
Dirijamos
Dirijan
What do you do with verbs ending in -ducir or -cer
They end in -zco in the yo form
Conjugate conocer
Conozca
Conozcas
Conozca
Conozcamos
Conozcan
Conjugate conducir
Conduzca
Conduzcas
Conduzca
Conduzcamos
Conduzcan
Ver is special.
Conjugate it
Vea
Veas
Vea
Veamos
Vean
What happens to -uir verbs?
They end in -uyo in the yo form
What happens to -guir verbs?
They do not end in -uyo at all. Only an o is at the end
Conjugate construir
Construya
Construyas
Construyas
Construyamos
Construyan
Conjugate distinguir
Distinga
Distingas
Distinga
Distingamos
Distingan
Dar is irregular.
Conjugate it
Dé
Des
Dé
Demos
Den
Despite the fact that dé, des and den are all one syllable, only dé gets an accent. Why?
De is already a word. Des and den are not.
-Demos also has two syllables, so no need to put an accent on the e because the stress already goes on the second to last vowel, the e.
Ser is irregular.
Conjugate it
Sea
Seas
Sea
Seamos
Sean
Ir is irregular.
Conjugate it
Vaya
Vayas
Vaya
Vayamos
Vayan
Estar is irregular.
Conjugate it
Esté
Estés
Esté
Estemos
Estén
Saber is irregular.
Conjugate it
Sepa
Sepas
Sepa
Sepamos
Sepan
Present subjunctive conjugations look like what else in Spanish?
Many imperative conjugations
(Commands)
How do stem changers work in present subjunctive?
A full stem change occurs everywhere except in the nosotros/as form. In that form, a half stem change occurs in -ir verbs and no stem change occurs in -ar and -er verbs.
What do half stem changes look like? (What are the two types?)
e -> i
o -> u
Conjugate Pensar
Piense
Pienses
Piense
Pensemos
Piensen
Conjugate Volver
Vuelva
Vuelvas
Vuelva
Volvamos
Vuelvan
Conjugate Dormir
Duerma
Duermas
Duerma
Durmamos
Duerman
Conjugate Sentir
Sienta
Sientas
Sienta
Sintamos
Sientan
Are there extra rules for car/gar/zar verbs in the present subjunctive?
Yes
Conjugations/endings for car/gar/zar verbs
Car -> Que
Gar -> Gue
Zar -> Ce
Conjugate Sacar
Saque
Saques
Saque
Saquemos
Saquen
Conjugate Buscar
Busque
Busques
Busque
Busquemos
Busquen
Conjugate Fregar
Fregue
Fregues
Fregue
Freguemos
Freguen
Conjugate Almorzar
Almuerce
Almuerces
Almuerce
Almorcemos
Almuercen
Which two verbs are the only verbs in the Present Subjunctive which receive accents on some endings?
Dar + Estar
