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Czech- My Notes > Rules > Flashcards

Rules Flashcards

1
Q

Accusative:

Masculine animate

A

Hard constant ending:
Add A

Soft consonant:
Add E

Example:
Johna; lososa; mrože

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2
Q

Accusative:
Examples:

Bílá káva becomes…

A

Bílou kávu

Why?
Rule- it’s Accusative with a feminine ending. Drop the a from the adjective and replace with OU. Drop the a from the noun and replace with U.

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3
Q

Accusative:

Example.

Uzený losos becomes…

Uzemý mroži becomes…

A

Uzeného lososa

Uzeného mrože

Why?
Losos: it’s accusative; its masculine animated with hard consonant; therefore drop last letter of adjective and replace with EHO; add A to noun.

Mroži: it’s accusative; its masculine animate with soft consonant; therefore drop last letter of adjective and replace with EHO; add E to noun

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4
Q

Accusative:

List steps and rules:

A
  1. Is there an accusative noun?
  2. Look at gender and ending of the noun
  3. If Fem:
    A changes to U
    E changes to I
  4. If Masculine Animate:
    Nouns ending in hard consonants - add A
    Nouns ending in soft consonants- add E.

Note: Neutral nouns or masculine inanimate STAY the SAME

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5
Q

Accusative:

Example:

Dobrý kamarád a velký dům becomes…

A

Mám dobrého kamaráda a velký dům

Why?
Kamarad is a masculine animate noun
With a hard consonant. Therefore add A to noun; drop last letter of adjective and replace with EHO.
Dům is masculine BUT it is INANIMATE. Therefore this noun and adjective before it stays the same.

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6
Q

Accusative:

Example:

Dobrá kamarádka a chytrá šéfka becomes …

A

Dobrou kamaradku a chytrou šéfku

Why?

Kamaradka and Sefka are feminine nouns. They both end with A. Replace the A with a U. Then drop last letter of each adjective and replace with OU.

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7
Q

Accusative:

Example:

Velký dům a malé auto becomes…

A

Stays the same!

Why?

Because dum is masculine inanimate. Auto is neutral. Therefore stays the same

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8
Q

Accusative:

Example:
Velká věž (ie tower) becomes…

A

Mám velkou věž

Why?

Věž is actually a feminine noun with a soft ending. Therefore the noun stays the same but the adjective changes just like all other feminine adjectives (ie drop the last letter and replace with OU)

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9
Q

Accusative

Feminine ending:

A

A becomes U
E becomes I

Eg kávu; rýži

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10
Q

Location- V and VE

What are the rules?

A

Generally:

Feminine- if the location ends in A, switch it with an E.
Those ending in E, switches to I

Masculine- add a U

Neutral- if it’s ends in O, switch it with an E.

H- replace the H with a Z. Eg Praha would become Prahe and then Praze.

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11
Q

Location:

Example:

I was at the cinema-

A

Byl jsem v kině

Ie- kino is neutral. Change O to Ě

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12
Q

Location:

Example:

Give examples of Masculine, Feminine and Neutral

A

Jsem v Baru
Jsem v Pivovaru (M, so add a U)

Nebyl jsem v banke. Byl jsem v ulici Anežka

Byl jsem v hospodě. Nebyl jsem v domě. (Fem, ends in A. Switch A for E).

Byl jsem práci (Fem, ends in E. Switch E for I)

Byl jsem kině. Byl jsem divadle. (Neutral- o becomes e)

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13
Q

Accusative- That

Ten, Ta, To. What do they become in connection with accusative nouns?

A

Ten- Stays TEN for masculine inanimate.
But changes to TOHO for masculine animate.

Ta- becomes TU

To- stays the same, TO

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14
Q

Accusative: THAT

Example:

Ten Velky Uzeny Losos becomes…

A

Toho velkého uzeného lososa.

Why?
1. Losos is masculine animate. Therefore TEN becomes TOHO.
2. Add A at the end of the Noun.
3. Drop the last letter of the adjective and add EHO.
4 keep the EHO language consistent for all adjectives in the sentence.

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15
Q

Accusative- THAT

Example:

That Big, good, coffee is mine!

A

Tu velkou, dobrou, kávu je moje.

Why?

  1. Feminine noun. Drop the a and replace with U.
  2. The adjectives now need to end with an OU.
  3. For THAT used with accusative- when feminine, replace the TA with TU.
  4. Moje because you use Moje (mine) with feminine words.
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16
Q

Accusative- THAT

Example:

That old, expensive table is yours.

A

Ten starý, bohatý stůl je tvůj.

Why?

  1. Stul (table) is masculine INANIMATE. Therefore the noun and adjective stays the same.
  2. Ten (that) stays the same for all masculine inanimate words.
  3. Tvuj (yours) is used for masculine words.
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17
Q

Tense- Past

Example:
Last night I drank water

A

Včera jsem pil vodu

nB: In the past, Jsem should come before the Verb.

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18
Q

Tense- Future

Example:

Tomorrow I will wake up at 8am.

A

Zítra Budu vstavávat v 8 hodin

Nb:

  1. Future use BUDU
  2. Use the ROOT of the verb
  3. Don’t use Jsem- as BUDU references ME.
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19
Q

Tense- Today

Example:

Today I eat goulash

A

Dnes jím guláš.

  1. Jim is I cook.
  2. Use the JIM; JIŠ; jíte etc form
    For current.
  3. Do t use JSEM as the person is already referred to in JIM etc.
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20
Q

Location-UP, DOWN etc

Eg. Near

A

Blízko

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21
Q

Location- UP, DOWN etc

Eg. Left

A

Vlevo

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22
Q

Location: Up, down etc

Eg. Inside

A

Uvnitř (“oov-nitch”)

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23
Q

Location- up, down etc.

Eg. Front

A

Vpředu

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24
Q

Location- up, down etc.

Eg. Here

A

Tady

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25
Q

LocAtion- up, down etc.

Eg. Right

A

Vpravo

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26
Q

Location. Up, down etc.

Eg. Up

A

Nahoře

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27
Q

Location. Up, down etc.

Eg. Far

A

Daleko

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28
Q

Location. Up, down etc.

Eg. At the back.

A

Vzadu

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29
Q

Location. Up, down etc.

Eg. Outside

A

Venku

30
Q

Location. Up, down etc

Eg. Down

A

Dole

31
Q

Location. Up, down etc.

Eg. There

A

Tam

32
Q

Location. Up, Down etc.

Eg. Middle

A

Uprostřed

33
Q

Translate:

How far is it?

A

Jak je to daleko?

34
Q

Location. Up, down etc.

Vedle

A

Next to.

Metro je vedle park

35
Q

Někdo means …

A

Someone.

Eg- Někdo tam je. (Someone is there)

36
Q

Nikdo means…

A

No one.

Example: Ne, nikdo tam není (no, no one is not there)

37
Q

Něco means…

A

Something.

Eg. co potrěbujete? hledáte něco? Means what do you need? Looking for something?

38
Q

Někdy means…

A

Sometimes.

Eg. Kdy je festival? Festival je někdy v dubnu (ie- festival is sometime in April)

39
Q

Někde means…

A

Somewhere.

Eg. Kde je ten svetr?
Někde jsem ten svetr viděl, ale nevím, kde.

40
Q

Nějak means …

A

Somehow.

Eg. Jak vaříte polévku? Nějak nevím, jak tu polévku vařit

41
Q

Nějaký means…

A

Some.

Eg. Jaký jsi měl dneska den? Vypadáš nějaký unavený.
How was your day today? You look somehow tired.

42
Q

Něčí means…

A

Someone’s.

Či je ten kabát? Ten kabát musí něčí byt, ale nevím, či.

Whose is that coat? That coat must be someone’s but I don’t know whose?
Remember byt refers to belonging to. Must be someone’s.

43
Q

Nikdo means…

A

No one.

Eg. Ne, nikdo není tady

44
Q

Nic means…

A

Nothing.

45
Q

Nikdy means…

A

Never.

Eg maté někdy špatnou náladu? Ne, nikdy nemám špatnou náladu.

Do you sometimes/ever have a bad mood? No I never don’t have bad mood.

Jste někdy unavený? Ne, nejsem nikdy unavený, jsem Superman.

Are you sometimes tired? No, I’m not never tired, I am superman!

46
Q

Nikde means…

A

Nowhere.

Eg. Máte někde milion dolarů? Ne, nemám nikde milion dolaru.

Do you have somewhere million dollars? No, I don’t have nowhere million dollars.

47
Q

Nijak means…

A

No (as in don’t know how).

Eg.

48
Q

Nějaký means…

A

Some.

Eg. Znáte nějakého milionáře ? Ne, neznám žádného milionáře

Do you know some
Millionaire. No, I don’t know any sign
Of a millionaire.

Znáte nějakou dobrou doktorku? Ne, neznám žádnou dobrou doktorku.

Do you know some good doctor? No, I don’t know of any good doctors.

49
Q

Chyba means…

A

mistake. e.g. To je chyba

50
Q

My office is at Barandov

A

moje kancelar je na barandove

51
Q

Hodiny is used for which numbers?

A

2, 3, 4

52
Q

Hodin is used for which numbers?

A

5 onwards

53
Q

I will be at home

A

budu doma

i.e. Budu means “I will be”

54
Q

Where will you be?

A

kde budes?

55
Q

I will cook

A

Budu varit

56
Q

I will sleep

A

Budu spat

57
Q

I will study

A

budu studovat

58
Q

I say

A

Rikam (“ze-ii-kaaa-m”)

59
Q

we say

A

rikame

60
Q

fast

A

rychle

61
Q

ta tuzka je jeji

A

that pen is theirs

62
Q

Translate:

[ Je or Jsou?] 5 [hodin or hodiny?]

A

je 5 hodin

nb: use ‘jsou’ and hodiny for 2, 3, 4.
use ‘je’ and ‘hodina’ for jedna.
use ‘je’ and ‘hodin’ for 5 onwards.

63
Q

Translate:

[je or jsou] 3 [hodiny or hodin]?

A

jsou 3 hodiny.

nb: use ‘jsou’ and hodiny for 2, 3, 4.
use ‘je’ and ‘hodina’ for jedna.
use ‘je’ and ‘hodin’ for 5 onwards.

64
Q

Use ‘koruny’ for…

A

2, 3 and 4.

e.g. Kava Stoji 2 koruny.

65
Q

Use ‘korun’ for…

A

anything which costs 5 or more.

e.g. majonaza stoji 13 korun.

66
Q

where were you (informal)?

A

kde byl jsi?

67
Q

yesterday you swam

A

vcera jsi plaval

68
Q

yesterday I read

A

vcera jsem cetl (che-tul)

69
Q

tomorrow i will clean

A

zitra budu ulizet.

70
Q

i am cooking

A

dnes varim

Czech- My Notes (11 decks)

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