Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Unit 4: Pathoma > Rubins Chap 12 > Flashcards

Rubins Chap 12 Flashcards

1
Q

When do the lungs start to develop?

A

Wk 4-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of glands are in the tracheobronchial tree?

A

Mucus glands (mucus cells and serious cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the gas exchange unit of the lung?

A

acini

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Type I pneumocytes are responsible for…

A

gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Type II pneumocytes are responsible for…

A

production of surfactant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which pneumocytes are more susceptible to injury?

A

Type I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is bronchial atresia?

A

part of airway is blocked off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is pulmonary hypoplasia?

A

lung is smaller than normal with fewer and smaller acini

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the most common congenital lung abnormality?

A

Pulmonary hypoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pulm hypoplasia us associated with?

A

trisomies 12, 18, 21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is this: “descrete, extrapulmonary, fluid filled mass lined by respiratory epithelium and limited by walls that contain muscle and cartilage”

A

Bronchogenic cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

“Mass of lung tissue that is not connected to the bronchial tree and is located outside the misceral pleura”

A

extralobar sequestration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

“mass of lung tissue within the visceral pleura that does not connect to the bronchial tree”

A

intralobar sequestration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define bronchiolitis?

A

infection of the peripheral airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

adenovirus infection leads to?

A

obliterative bronchiolitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Findings in measles-induced bronchiolotis?

A

bronchiolar obliteration + bronchiectasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name the irritant gases:

A

NO2, SO2, Chlorine, ammonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bronchietric granulomas are seen in…

A

asthnatcs (allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis) and infections (TB, histoplasma), immune problems (RA, wegener)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Another name for constrictive bronchiolitis?

A

Abliterative bronchiolotis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pathogenesis of constrictive bronchiolitis?

A

inflammation–> scarring/ fibrosis–> narrowing of aiway

NO TREATMENT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does bronchial obstruction lead to?

A

atelectasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is atelactasis?

A

collapse of expsnded lung tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When does right middle lode syndrome occur?

A

compression from the hilar lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is bronchiectasis?

A

irreversible dilation of bronchi caused by destruction of bronchial wall muscle and elastic elemants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Nonobstructive bronchectasis usually follows infection with….

A

adenovirus and RSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is kartagener syndrome?

A

dynein defects (motile syndrome

27
Q

Symptoms of radial spoek deficiency? Of absence of central doublet of cilia

A

intertility, recurrent respiratory infections, bonchiectasis

28
Q

What are the 3 types of bronchial dilations seen in bronchiectasis?

A

saccular, cylindrical, varicose

29
Q

Viral infections lead to ____ pnuemonias

Bacterial infections lead to _____ and _____ pneumonias

A

Viral: interstitial

Bacterial: lobar and bronchopneumonia

30
Q

Histology of pneumococcal pneumonia?

A

diplococci

31
Q

Complications of pneumococcal pneumonia infections?

A

pleuritis and peural effusion, pyothorax (empyema), baceremia (endocarditis, meningitis)

32
Q

Pneumonia in newborns is caused by?

A

GBS

33
Q

How can you detect mycoplasma?

A

serology and cold agglutinins

34
Q

sign of CMV pneumonia?

A

perinuclear halo

35
Q

sign of measles infection?

A

multinucleated giant cells with nuclear inclusions

36
Q

varicella infection signs?

A

nuclear viral inclusions surrounded by clear halo

37
Q

Herpes simplex signs?

A

necrotizing tracheobronchitis as well as diffuse alveolar damage with viral inclusions

38
Q

Signs of adenovirus infection?

A

“smudge cells” and clear halo

39
Q

What is the most common cause of lung abscesses?

A

aspiration

40
Q

Describe lung abscesses?

A

localized accumulations of pus accompanied by destruction of pulmonary parenchyma

41
Q

What are lung abscesses surrounded by?

A

hemorrhage, fibrin, inflammation

42
Q

Symptoms of lung abscesses:

A

fever, cough, foul smelling sputum, pleuritic chest pain, hemoptysis

43
Q

What is diffuse alveolar damage?

A

AKA: ARDS

44
Q

Histologic findings in DAD?

A

epithelial cell damage

Type I pneumocyte damage

Type II pneumocyte proliferation

45
Q

Phases of DAD?

A

1- exudative phase

2- organizing phase

46
Q

Describe the appearance of the lung if there is no recovery with DAD?

A

Honeycomb lung

47
Q

Causes of DAD?

A

oxygen toxicity, shock, aspirations, drug-induced diffuse alveolar damage, radiation pneumonitis, paraquat

48
Q

Cause of respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn caused by?

A

immaturity of the surfactant syndrome

49
Q

Main symtpom of newborn ARDS?

A

bronchopulmonary dysplasia

50
Q

What is alveolar proteinosis caused by?

A

posint mutation in GM-CSF receptor or anti-GM0CSF antibodie

51
Q

What are the triad of symptoms seen with goodpasture syndrome?

A

diffuse alveolar hemorrhage
glomerulonephritis
circulating cyctotoxic antibodies to the basement membrane

52
Q

Findings in microscopic polyangiitis?

A

+p-ANCA
pulmonary renal symtoms
no IgG deposition

53
Q

Findings in idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage?

A

children/ YA
diffuse alveolar bleeding
no kidney involvement

54
Q

What is Loffler syndrome/

A

simple eosinophelic pneumonia

55
Q

Symtoms of loffler syndrome?

A

fleetind pulmonary infiltrates with eos and eos in peripheral blood

56
Q

What are the three types of eosinophelia pneumonia?

A

1- Simple eosinophlic pneumonia
2-acute eosinophelic pneumonia
3- chronic eosinophelic pneumonia

57
Q

What is a secondary eosinophelic pneumonia usually due to?

A

infectious/ tropical, allergies, drug hypersensitivies

58
Q

Spiculated mass is associated with?

A

Exogenous lipid pneumonia

59
Q

Name the 2 diseases classified as COPD?

A

Chronic bronchitis and emphysema

60
Q

Definition of chronic bronchitis?

A

chronic cough for 2 months at a time for 2 years

61
Q

Biggest risk factor for chronic bronchitis?

A

Smoking!

62
Q

Which cell types undergo hyperplasia in chronic bronchitis?

A

mucus cells

63
Q

Normal reid index score?

A

<0.4

64
Q

is chronic bronchitis and blue bloater or a pink puffer?

A

blue bloater

Unit 4: Pathoma (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions