Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacy Professionalism & practice > RTS - SKIN PART 2 > Flashcards

RTS - SKIN PART 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is acne vulgarisms?

A

chronic skin condition - blockage/inflammation of hair follicles accompanying sebaceous glands
Present with non inflammatory, inflammatory lesions or a mixture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the symptoms of acne? i.e the different types of spots (6)

A

Blackheads (open comedones) - follicles that have a wide opening, filled with plugs of sebum

  • White heads (closed comedones)- smaller opening and have same materials as blackheads, white
  • Papules - small red bumps - sore
  • Pastules - white tip at centre caused by build up of pus
  • Nodules - large hard lumps hat build up beneath surface
  • cysts- most severe type of spot- large puss filled lumps- greatest risk of scarring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Treatments for acne

A
  1. topical
  2. POM treatments e.g topical retinoids, topical antibiotics, azelaic acid, combined pill, antibiotic tabs
  3. Benzoyl peroxide - Quinoderm 10
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe benzoyl peroxide as treatment for acne

Include cautions & SE

A

prevents dead skin clogging up hair follicles, kills bacteria on the skin

  • cream/gel
  • apply one or twice daily 20 mins after washing face

Cautions - apply sparingly, use UV protection, has a bleaching effect

SE - dry sin, burning, itching, stinging, redness, skin peeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name and describe the 3 types of acne scars

A
  1. Ice pick - small deep holes that looks like skin is punctured
  2. Rolling scars - bands of scar tissue form under the skin - uneven appearance
  3. boxcar scars - round or oval depressions or craters
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lifestyle advice for acne

A
  • wash affected areas with mild cleanser and Luke warm water
  • dont squeeze
  • avoid too much make up and use water based products described as ‘non comedogenic’
  • remove stress factors
  • if dry skin- fragrance free moisturisers, water based emollient
  • Wash hair regularly, keep off face
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is rosacea?

A

relapsing condition, exact cause unknown. Affects people with fair skin and generally ages 30-50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

symptoms of rosacea?

A 
flushing, facial redness, visible blood vessels, 
thickened skin
sensitive - burn, itching
papules an dpastules
raised red patches
swelling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

common triggers of rosacea

A 
exposure to sunlight
stress
hot or cold weather
foods e.g spicy 
medication - corticosteroids, amidarone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

treatments of rosacea

A

No treatment is available OTC.

(a) self care
(b) medications - can get oral antibiotics or topical metronidazole, azelaic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

lifestyle advice for patients with rosacea

A

(a) sun - always wear sunscreen min spf30, UVA and UVB
(b) stress - relaxation, exercise
(c) foods - stop alcohol an spicy foods, and see what causes skin to flare up in a food diary
(d) cold weather- protect face, e.g scarf

Also use skincare techniques like acne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is a cold sore?

A

Small blisters form around lips/mouth and caused by herpes simplex virus, clears up without treatment in 7-10 days. It is very contagious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

symptoms of cold sores/

A

Initially asymptomatic but then in recurring infections there is initial tingling, burning, followed by fluid filled sores, pain, oozing, scabbing
they grow in size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

lifestyle advice for cold sores

A 
wash hands
avoid touching eyes, kissing, oral 
- avoid picking the scabs
- avoid sharing medicaiton/cutlery etc
- change cosmetics 
- remove the trigger
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Red flags for cold sores

A
  • treatment failure
  • patients with weakened immune system
  • dehydration, especially children
  • spread of infection to mouth, eyes or genitals
  • > 10 days
  • large numbers of them
  • babies /young
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

treatments for cold sores

A

(a) do nothing - OTc for cold sores and additional symptoms - many go away on own
(b) antiviral - acyclovir (Zovirax) - helps speed healing time,, apply at first signs of cold sore and stops it spreading
(c) for the pain - para/ibu
DO NOT APPLY ANTI ITCH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is impetigo?

A

Common and contagious. Causes sores and blisters. 2 types

(1) - non bullous - skin around nose and mouth, sores burst leaving a yellow brown crust
(2) bullous - skin on the trunk, fluid filled blisters, they burst leaving a yellow crust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are causes of impetigo?

A

skin becomes infected with - staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes

  • A break in the skin (primary impetigo) - stings,bites, cuts
  • Skin Damaged by another condition (secondary)- head lice, scabies, eczema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

who is at risk of impetigo?

A 
Child
diabetics
carrier of staph.aureus 
warm weather
weak immune s
20
Q

Symptoms of impetigo

A

Most people - non bullous.

  • red sores
  • sores burst- thick crusts
  • red marks where crusts dry
  • itchy
21
Q

Referral for impetigo?

A

Most cases heal within 14-21 days without treatment, however always must see the GP.
This is because the infection is easily spread and treatments can resolve it quicker

22
Q

What is athletes foot?

A

Tinea pedis. It loves warm, moist, airless conditions - anyone can get it but more common in people who sweat more, wear shoes and socks that make their feet sweatier

  • it is passed on from person to person
  • once a small patch develops - spreads
23
Q

Symptoms of athletes foot

A

rash, itchiness, cracks, scaling, sore, dry

24
Q

what are treatments for athletes foot (5 types)

A

Topical antifungals (lots of preparations) - continue for 14 days after rash has gone in some cases to prevent re-infection and ensure its fully healed

  1. azoles - clotrimazole, ketoocnazole, micronazole - canesten, daktarin
  2. Terbinafine - lamisil
  3. tolnaftate - mycil
  4. griseofulvin - grisol
  5. corticosteroids - canestro HC (own license - anti fungal with steroid hydrocortisone)
25
Q

Red flags for athlete foot

A
  • treatment failure
  • diabetics - any foot or hand complaint for any diabetic refer
  • signs of bacterial infection - ooze, puss
  • nails infected
  • pregnancy//BF
26
Q

causes of nail infections

A
  • fungal infection
  • damage to nail
  • fungal infections e.g athletes foot, not fully healed?
  • wet hands, diabetes, psoriasis, nail biting, weak immune system,humidity, artificial nails
27
Q

symptoms of nail infections

A

nail thickened and discoloured, pain, brittle, skin is inflamed, patches on nailbed

28
Q

treatments for nail infections

A

may not be necessary but GP must decide. Could just use self care and OTC methods.

  • Nail paints can penetrate the nail but this treatment is SLOW - 6-12 months but toes can be 9-12 months.
  • Treatment application is dependent on product- some are once weekly
  • examples: Scholl, canespro, curanail
29
Q

red flags for nail infections

A 
treatment failure - but remember the timeframe 
diabetic 
immunocompromised
pregnancy/bf
more than 2 nails infected
30
Q

lifestyle advice for nail infections

A
  • keep feet cool and dry, clean socks
  • avoid trainers
  • treat other infections
  • keep nails short, use separate clippers
  • well fitting shoes that mould feet
  • good hygiene
  • see a podiatrist
31
Q

what are warts/veruccas? causes?

A

small lumps that develop on the skin of the body caused by human papilloma virus
caused by excess keratin on top skin layers producing hard texture, via close skin to skin contact, contaminated pools/ towels, scratching, knocking, biting

32
Q

symptoms of veruccas

A

On soles of the feet, white patch on skin
black dot in centre
flat
painful

33
Q

Symptoms of warts

A 
Knuckles, fingers, knees
round 
raised 
rough 
irregular surface
1mm-10mm
34
Q

Treatments for warts and veruccas?

A

(a) can do nothing - can clear up alone but may take up to.2 years or more
- No single treatment is 100% effective-
- salicylic acid
- cryotherapy
- treatment is long can take up to 12 weeks if adhere

35
Q

red flags of warts and veruccas

A 
treatment failure
many of them 
on face, genitals 
immunocompromised
diabetic
preg bf
36
Q

describe salicylic acid treatment in warts and veruccas

A

it Is the active ingredient in most preparations.
it can damage health skin so ensure protection via petroleum jelly or corn plaster.

  • Before 1st application, soak wart in water for 5 mins
  • use energy board/pumice stone to fit down the area
  • Soak for 2-3 mins
  • Apply directly
  • Allow to dry, don’t cover

Next day, peel off the white patch from the area and reapply. Once every week file down and reapply

37
Q

how is cryotherapy used for warts and v?

A

e. g bazuka sub zero.
- liquid nitrogen is applied for a few seconds
- freeze and destroy the affected skin cells
- freezing can cause pain so think about the patient
- riskier due to contact time

38
Q

disadvantages of cryotherapy for warts

A

riskier - contact time
painful, can cause blistering
skin pigmentation
change in nail shape./structure

39
Q

What is lifestyle advice for preventing warts ?

A
  • don’t touch other peoples warts
  • don’t share stuff
  • no scratching etc
  • reduce shaving
  • moisturiser
40
Q

lifestyle advice for someone who already has a wart

A

protection - plasters etc
cover up during activities
hands - gloves in gym,
feet- flip flops, s wim socks

41
Q

what are corns and calluses?

A

areas of hard thickened skin due to excessive pressure
usually on feet and hands
pain

42
Q

what are corns?

A

small circles, on feet mainly e.g soles, sides
could be due to poor fitting shoes
occurs on bony feet dur to lack of natural cushion
also develop as a result of other foot conditions

43
Q

what is a callus?

A

Hard, rough areas of skin, yellow colour
In heel area and on plasma of hands
larger than corns

44
Q

treatment for corns and calluses

A

remove cause of pressure, friction
remove thick skin
also foot care products

45
Q

foto care products for corns and calluses

A
  • rehydration creams
  • hard skin softening creams e.g scholl
  • foam insoles
  • wedges placed in between toes to relieve
  • silicone wedges change position of toes to redistribute pressure
  • salicylic acid
46
Q

lifestyle advice for corns and calluses

A
  • dry feet thoroughly
  • apply foot cream
  • pumice stone
  • comfortable footwear and protection when doing repetitive tasks

Pharmacy Professionalism & practice (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions