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Pharmacy Professionalism & practice > RTS - respiratory conditions > Flashcards

RTS - respiratory conditions Flashcards

1
Q

what is a cold?

A

viral, associated with the upper respiratory tract
transmitted via droplets and is very contagious & common.
- aches and pains
- sneezing
- running nose or blocked
- sore throat
- mild to moderate hacking cough

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2
Q

what is the flu?

A 
viral, the whole respiratory tract - 3 types of myxovirus - A.B,C 
- there is a vaccine for it
transmitted via droplet inhalation 
Symptoms:
- prominent headache
- sudden onset of temperature for 3-4 days
- severe aches and pains
- extreme fatigue and weakness
- severe cough
- chest discomfort
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3
Q

how long do colds and flu last?

A

Colds- 4-7 days

Flu- 2-3 weeks

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4
Q

referral / red flag symptoms of respiratory/flu/cold

A 
chest pain - especially if down the arm
shortness of breath - asthma?
wheezing
nature of sputum - blood, green, brown, red (red brown indicates pneumonia)
severe pain 
stiff neck/non blanching rash 
treatment failure
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5
Q

symptomatic treatment for col and flu symptoms - congestion, runny nose

A

congestion - steam inahaltion (bowl, boiling water, towel & menthol)

  • inahalants, nasal sprays, decongestants e.g pseudoephedrine

runny nose: antihistamines

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6
Q

treatment for cold and flu symptoms - tickly/sore throat, pyrexia and cough

A

throat - lozenges, throat spray (numbs area so be careful), honey and lemon tea
pyrexia - paracetamol or ibuprofen
cough - cough mixtures, combination products

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7
Q

what are the restrictions on the sale of pseudoephedrine and ephedrine?

what brand is this?

A

there are limits as they can be used to manufacture crystal meth.

  • Pseudeoephedrine max OTC = 720mg
  • Ephedrine max OTC = 180mg

Brand = sudafed.
largest pack size of sudafed tablets if each one contains 16mg is 12 packs

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8
Q

lifestyle advice for cold and flu

A
  • explain it is caused by a virus - symptoms should improve within 10 or so days
  • rest, keep warm, plenty of fluids
  • vitamins, zinc, menthol
  • high risk groups = influenza vaccine
  • treat symptoms
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9
Q

what is a sore throat?

A

associated with cold and flu but can occur alone.Mostly viral infections and self limiting 7-10 days.
If its bacterial MUST refer

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10
Q

what medication can cause a sore throat?

A

carbimazole chemotherapy
steroid inhalers - if not using them properly then it could lead to oral thrush - must check they are using correct and rinsing mouth afterwards

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11
Q

referral or red flag symptoms to look out for in sore throats

A 
babies/infants
dysphagia 
white spots/ pus
sputum nature
oral thrush 
treatment fail
bacterial infection / recurring infection
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12
Q

4 symptomatic treatments of sore throats

A
  1. analgesics - para
  2. sprays - anti inflammatory (benzydamine, difflam), or local anaesthetics (benzocaine, lidocaine)
  3. demulcents - sooth & moisturise - glyerol syrup, simple linctus
  4. lozenges - antiseptic (cetlpridinium),
    anti bacterial (tyrothricin - tyrozets)
    anti fungal (dequalium- fluribrofen)
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13
Q

what is a cough? what are the 2 types?

A

protective reflex action - caused by viral URTIs

  1. productive - phlegm produced/chesty
  2. non productive - no phlegm, dry, tickle cough usually by an irritant or medication
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14
Q

name referral points for coughs?

A

cough for >3 weeks
sputum is yellow, red, blood, brown, green
chest pain
persistent night time cough in children- asthma
wheezing
suspected ADR
treatment fail

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15
Q

what medicines can cause a cough?

A

ACE inhibitors (for high blood pressure)- dry tickly e.g ramipril

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16
Q

what are the 4 treatments for coughs - general?

A
  • demulcents
  • expectorants
  • opioids
  • antihistamines
17
Q

State the type of cough expectorants are used to treat and explain how they work

A

used to treat a productive / chesty cough
they loosen the phlegm and assist in mucus removal. They reduce the viscosity of the sputum to aid coughing up to remove the phlegm from the throat

18
Q

Name 4 examples of expectorants

A

Ammonium salts
squill
guaifenisen
ipecacuanha

19
Q

what do demulcents do in a cough? give examples

A

Sooth and moisturise the throat - relieves the irritation that causes the coughing

  • Glycerol
  • Simple linctus
  • Honey (and lemon tea)
20
Q

what do opioids do in a cough? Give examples

A 
depress the cough reflex via the brain 
pholcodeine
Codeine (>18 years)
dextromethorphan 
3 days use max
21
Q

What do antihistamines do for a cough and give examples?

A

anti-cholinergic action results in anti-tussive effects (relive cough) BUT can cause drowsiness.
e.g
diphenylhydramine
tripolidine

22
Q

Age restrictions on OTC cough and cold medicines?

A

No longer recommended for children under 6 years of age (except glycerol, simple linctus, para and ibuprofen)

23
Q

what is allergic rhinitis?

A

inflammatory disorder of the nose which occurs when the membranes lining the nose become sensitised to allergens e.g pollen, dust, hair - trigger an unwanted immune response

24
Q

What are the 3 types of allergic rhinitis?

A
  • seasonal
  • occupational
  • perennial
25
Q

symptoms of hay fever

A 
itchy eyes and eyelids
runny nose
watery eyes
sneezing
puffy eyes
26
Q

what is hay fever?

A

allergy caused by pollen - mucous membranes of the eyes/nose become inflamed

27
Q

referral for allergic rhinitis?

A 
wheezing
shortness of breath
painful ear / sinuses
parulent conjunctivitis 
treatment failure
28
Q

what are the 3 types of treatment for allergic rhinitis?

A

Oral antihistamines
eye drops
Nasal sprays

29
Q

Name the 3 types of oral antihistamines and the dosages

A
  1. chlorphenamine - Adult 4mg every 4-6 hours (max 24mg in 24hrs), child - syrup - >1 year (can cause drowsiness)
  2. Loratidine & cetirizine - 10mg once daily. Long acting
    (loratadine >2, cetirizine >6 years of age)
  3. Acrivastine - adult 8mg TDS (max 24g in 24 hrs) - non drowsy - ages 12-65 (fast acting)- brand = Benadryl
30
Q

Name antihistamine eye drops

A

Sodium cromoglicate - a mast cell stabiliser which stops it releasing histamine - prevents it. e.g optrex allergy

31
Q

Describe the 2 types of nasal sprays for allergic rhinitis?

A

steroid - fluticasone (once daily) or beclometasone (2x daily) >18years. Preventative- use even if no symptoms as takes 7-10 days to take effect

Sympathomimetic decongestants- Xylometazoline hydrochloride >12 years, use 2-3 times daily

Natural based - isotonic solution of sea water- sterimar

Pharmacy Professionalism & practice (25 decks)

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