RTS Flashcards
Age range of an infant?
1month to 2 years
Give 4 ideas for shared decision making in paediatrics
Tablet or suspension
Drowsy or non drowsy
Flavour
Spoon or syringe
Name the two notifiable diseases in paediatrics
Measles
Mumps
Name the 10 common childhood ailments in community pharmacy
Napkin dermatitis Eczema Chicken pox Measles Mumps Scabies Headlice Threadworms Fever Vomiting
Name 12 drugs no longer used in
Brompheniramine Chlorphenamine Diphenhydramine Dextromethorphan Pholcodeine Guaifenesin Ipecacuanha Phenylephrine Pseudoephedrine Ephedrine Oxymetazoline Xylometazoline
What’s the age range for neonates?
Birth to 1month unless pre term
How do you treat candidiasis napkin dermatitis?
Clotrimazole 1% cream (canesten) apply thinly 2-3 times daily
How do you treat irritant napkin dermatitis
Sudocrem
Metanium (titanium)
Conotrane (dimethicone)
Apply after every nappy change
Do you refer psoriasis in children
Yus u do
What should you check if using castor oil prep on someone?
PeaNUT allergy 😁
What should you not use in candida nappy rash?
Barrier cream cos it’s locks in moisture which will trap in fungi
What’s the age limit on steroids for eczema?
HAS TO BE OVER 10 👶🙅
What causes chicken pox?
Varicella zoster virus (a herpes virus)
What does chicken pox start with?
Fever
Headache
Sore throat
Few days later rash forms
What are the treatment options for chicken pox
Calamine lotion dab affected area Calpol 2months+ Calpol 6years+ Piriton tablets Piriton syrup
Secondary infection of chicken pox can be caused by what
Scratching- S. Aureus
What is shingles caused by
Herpes zoster
What can occur following a case of chicken pox?
Shinglez
What’s the incubation period of chicken pox?
10-20 dayz
What’s the incubation period of measles?
10dayz
What virus causes measles?
Paramyxovirus
Where’s does measles start
At the hairline and spreads rapidly over body over 24-48 hours lasting for 3days
How long are you infectious with measles
4 days before onset of rash and till 5 days after it disappears
What are kopliks spots?
Spots in the mouth that can occur prior to the rash forming in measles
How long does the rash in measles generally last for?
3 dayz
What’s encephalitis
Rare inflammation of the brain
What’s the incubation period of mumps
14-25 days
Is mumps contagious a week before breakout?
YEH
Where does the mumps virus thrive?
In the parotid salivary glands
How long does mumps last?
Mild case: 3-4 days
Most cases: 7 days
What’s the complications of mumps
Inflammation of areas
How do you treat headlice?
Wet combing
Physical insecticide- hedrin
Chemical insecticide- malathione
What causes threadworms?
Enterobius vermicularis
Where do threadworms live
Upper part of colon EW
What is used to treat threadworms
Mevendazole (ovex)
How does mebendazole (ovex) work
Inhibits works uptake of glucose causing immobility and death
Can you treat a 1yr old with mebendazole
No you can’t you fool
Where are the four places you can take temperature
Mouth
Rectal
Ear
Under arm
How to treat dry/chesty cough in paediatrics
Calcough infant
3months to 1year:5ml tds
1-5yrs: 10ml tds
When are you at your greatest risk to take medicines during pregnancy
First 12 weeks
What advice do you give pregnant women to help with vomiting
Eat ginger biscuit or toast before rising
P6 pressure bands
Drink water
Why is constipation common later in pregnancy?
Reduced GI motility, increased levels of progesterone
What type of laxative is first line in pregnancy?
Bulk forming
Second- osmotic
Then refer
Why does vaginal thrush occur in pregnancy?
Changes in oestrogen levels
Do leg cramps occur in pregnancy?
Yes cramps in calf are common in the third trimester
Can you use quinine in pregnancy
No no no
If not breast feeding when do you give whey based milk
From birth to 12 months
What two proteins are in whey based milks
60% whey
40% casein
When do you use casein based milk and why?
Birth to 12 months
For hungrier babies
How many times more iron does follow on milk contain than cows milk?
24
When can you start follow on milk
From 6-12 months
When can you have toddler milk and what extra does it contain
From 1 year
Extra minerals and vitamins
What milk would you give a baby with cows milk intolerance
Soya based
What milk would you give a baby experiencing significant reflux?
Stay down milk
What milk would you give a baby intolerant to lactose
Lactose free duh
What milk would you give a baby with medically identified increased energy and nutrient requirements
High energy milk
What milk would you give preterm/low birth weight babies
Preterm range
Define viral conjunctivitis
In both eyes, watery discharge, gritty feeling, red
Associated with a cough/cold
Describe bacterial conjunctivitis
One eye then both, purulent discharge, gritty feeling, red
Which is more severe: episcleritis or scleritis
Scleritis
What is keratitis
Corneal ulcer
Dodgy shaped pupil is linked to what eye condition?
Uveitis - inflammation of ureal tract/red eye
What do you treat bacterial/viral conjunctivitis with first line
Chloramphenicol 1% (optrex)
One drop every 2hrs for 48hrs then one every 4hrs for 5 days
What do you use to treat allergic conjunctivitis
Opticrom allergy eye drops (sodium cromoglycate 2%)
What can you treat dry eye with
Viscotears (carbomer 980 0.2%)
What’s the scientific name for a stye
Hordeola
What’s the scientific name for a painless lump in the eye lid
Chalazion
What’s entropion?
When your eyelid flops inward refer
What’s ectropion
When your eyelid flops out refer
What’s orbital cellulitis
Inflammation of the tissues behind the orbital septum
What’s basal cell carcinoma
Cancer of the eyelid (mole/nodule)
What bacteria is sometimes involved in eczema?
Staph aureus
What epidermal layer is impaired in eczema?
Lipid barrier
How long can you use hydrocortisone in eczema for?
Max 7 days
What is clobetasone?
Moderate steroid used in treatment of eczema
What is cradle cap and what are the signs?
Infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis
Large yellow greasy scales and crusts on scalp
Treatment options for seborrhoeic dermatitis
Ketoconazole shampoo
Selenium sulphide shampoo
Coal tar capsal therapeutic shampoo
What does psoriasis look like
Well defined red plaques covered with silvery scales
What is dithranol?
Dithrocream- used in psoriasis for patients who have had on Rx before- may cause burns
What is acne
Inflam disorder of the pilosebaceous follicles
What is Rosacea
Facial flushing butterfly
Can lithium cause acne?
YUS
What is quiniderm (benzyl peroxide) used to treat?
Acne
What’s athletes foot caused by?
Tinea pedis
When to refer athletes foot?
If excessive and on top of foot
Other than imidazoles (clotrimazole) what can you treat athletes foot with?
Tolnaftate
Undecenoates
What causes ringworm?
Tinea corporis fungal
What causes jock itch
Tinea cruris fungal
Red/brown rash which is isolated to the inner thigh and groin
What’s used to treat fungal nail infections
Amorolfine 5% nail lacquer (curanail)
What are warts and verrucas
Benign growths on skin caused by the human papilloma virus
What’s in Bazuca gel and what’s it used to treat
Salicyclic acid for destruction of warts and verrucas
What’s also used in combo with salicyclic acid to treat warts/verrucas
Lactic acid
Podophyllum
What’s a keratolytic?
Salicyclic acid which acts slowly by destroying the virus containing epidermis
What is cold sores caused by
Herpes simplex virus
What’s used to treat cold sores?
Zovirax (aciclovir 5%)
Why is hyperemesis gravidarum
Complication in pregnancy- vomming weight loss (different from morning sickness)
What would you use for travel sickness?
Joy-rides (hyosine hydrobromide)
What’s in Imodium instant melts and what are they used for?
Loperamide- diarrhoea (anti-motility drugs)
I’ve got heartburn what do I need?
Aliginate raft - gaviscon
What are PPIs good for?
Very effective for heartburn symptoms
What does anusol plus HC ointment contain
Hydrocortisone (max use 7days)
Name four types of laxatives
Bulk forming
Osmotic
Stimulant
Softeners
Should you use lactulose in IBS?
It’s discouraged
How can you treat a chesty cough?
Robitussin chesty cough (guafenesin)
What is quinsy
Sore throat with abscess at back of throat
What can carbimazole cause?
Sore throat
Name 2 local anaesthetics use in sore throat treatment
Benzocaine, lidocaine
Name 2 anti bacterials used in sore throats
Chlorohexidine, tyrothricin
Can you recommend codeine for sore throats
Nope
Can you give decongestants to people with glaucoma/hyperthyroidism/hypertension
NO
Does zinc help you recover from a cold?
Maybe
What do optic rom eye drops contains
Sodium cromoglycate
Name 2 corticosteroids used in allergic rhinitis
Beclometasone
Fluticasone
What’s the age limit on calcough infant (glycerine)
3months
What’s the age limit on calcough (guafenesin)
6+years
Can you use hydrocortisone in pregnancy?
NO YOU CANNOT
Can you use fluconazole in pregnancy?
NOPE
Is episcleritis self limiting?
Yes so not necessarily needs treatment
What’s uveitis and what do you look for?
Inflammation of the uveal tract look for funny shaped pupil
When can a chalazion form?
When a duct is blocked
What is orbital cellulitis
Inflammation of the eye tissues behind the orbital septum
What does does ear drops contain
Urea hydrogen peroxide (5%)
What is otitis externa
General inflammation of the ear canal
What is perichondritis
Inflammation of the perichondrium- gross ear often infection
What is otalgia
Earache
What’s in canestan oasis
Sodium citrate
What’s the aim in cystitis
To make urine alkaline
What is trichomoniasis and what can it lead to
Yellow/green discharge- infertility
Can fluconazole cause GI problemos?
Yep
What’s benign prostatic hyperplasia
Enlarged prostate
What’s used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia
Tansulosin 400mcg
What’s menorrhagia
Excessive menstrual bleeding
What’s used in menorrhagia
Recent POM to P- tranexamic acid
NSAIDs
COC
Name 3 types of headache
Tension
Migraine
Cluster
Which two types of headache can be unilateral?
Migraine and cluster
What’s in levomenthol and what is it used for
Lavender and peppermint oil (4head) headaches
What’s the first line treatment of a migraine
Simple analgesics plus antiemetic such as prochlorpromazine if nausea present
Migraleve and buccastem
What’s the second line treatment for a migraine
Triptan
What’s dysmenorrhea
Period painz
What does feminax ultra contain and what is it used to treat
Naproxen- period pains
What does tens stand for and what can it be used in?
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation- period pains
In napkin dermatitis, what do dimethicone products do and give two examples
Protect against water
Conotrane
Siopel
When is mumps contagious
About a week before breakout
What’s dimeticone
Headline treament 6months+ and in pregnancy
What’s max size of corticosteroid cream otc
15grams
What’s in freederm gel and what’s it used for
Nicotinamide 4% acne
What is imigran
OTC sumatriptan is a serotonin agonist indicated for treatment of migraine in adults ages 18-65
When do u use canestan oasis
Cystitis
What type of drug is loperamide and how does it work
Anti-motility works by acting in the mu opiate receptors to increase tone of both the small and large bowel, hence increasing transit time and reabsorption
Name 3 anti-motility drugs used in diarrhoea
Loperamide
Bismuth
Kaolin
What are proton pump inhibitors effective for and give 3 examples
Heartburn symptoms
Omeprazole
Pantoprozole
Esomeprazole
Treatments for haemorrhoids
Local anaesthetics- lidocaine
Astringents- bismuth, zinc
Anti-inflams- hydrocortisone
Protectorants- shark liver oil
Treatment for IBS
Hyoscine- buscopan
Mebeverine- colofac IBS
alcerine- spasmodal
Peppermint oil- mintec, colpermin
Can you recommend lactulose in IBS?
No don’t do dat
First line anti-diarrhoeals in IBS?
loperamide
Can you recommend acupuncture or reflexology in IBS?
NO
Name three types of drug that can cause a cough
NSAIDs
Ace inhibitor
Beta blockers
Name an expectorant and what is the aim of it
Benylin chesty- guaifenesin
Aim to remove mucous from airways
Name three cough suppressants
Codeine
Pholcodeine
Dextromethorphan
Name a demulcents
Simple linctus- honey and lemon
Age limit of codeine products
18+
Are sore throats mainly bacterial?
No no mainly viral
Name two antibacterials that can be used in sore throats
Chlorohexidine
Tyrothricin
Name an anti inflammatory that can be used in sore throats
Benzydamine
Are products containing both paracetamol and dihydrocodeine recommended in colds?
NOPE
Aspirin should not be given to children less than 16 because of what syndrome?
Reye’s syndrome
How do decongestants work
Constrict the dilated blood vessels in the nasal mucosa
What’s echinacea
Herbal flower used In colds
What’s in ear calm spray and what’s it used for
Acetic acid 2% for otitis externa
Give 3 products to treat ear wax compaction
- Otex ear drops
- Earex
- Cerumol ear drops
Give 3 treatment options for otitis externa
- Choline salicylates (earex)
- Acetic acid (ear calm )
- Antihistamines
