Chapter 6- Antibiotics

Question 1

What colour do gram -ve stain and what type of peptidoglycan layer do they have?

Answer 1

Pink/red

Thin peptidoglycan cell wall

Question 2

Do atypical stain?

Answer 2

No

Question 3

What shape of bacteria are bacilli?

Answer 3

RODS

Question 4

What shape of bacteria are cocci

Answer 4

‘Seeds’ round blobs

Question 5

Name three anaerobes

Answer 5

Peptococci/peptostreptococci

Clostridia

Bacteroides

Question 6

What type of peptidoglycan does chlamydia have?

Answer 6

Doesn’t have any! It’s atypical

Question 7

Why is legionella classed as atypical when it’s gram -ve?

Answer 7

Because it concentrates intracellularly

Question 8

Why is mycobacteria wierd?

Answer 8

It has a lipid rich cell wall- no peptidoglycan

Question 9

Name 4 things you need to consider when treating infections?

Answer 9

Type of Baxter
Site of infection
Properties of antibacterial agent
MIC of organism

Question 10

What are the 6 steps in the antibiotic prescribing decision process?

Answer 10

1) diagnose and rate severity
2) agent(s)- informed by empirical or MC&S
3) route (IV/PO)
4) dose (does it need adjusting)
5) duration/review date (must be documented)
6) monitoring and safety netting

Question 11

What’s the CURB65 score?

Answer 11

C- confusion
U- urea >7mmol/L
R- respiratory rate >30/min
B-BP SBP65

Question 12

What does a CURB65 score of 3+ represent

Answer 12

Manage in hospital as severe

Question 13

What does a CURB65 score of 2 represent

Answer 13

Consider hospital supervised treatment

Question 14

What does a CURB65 score of 0/1 represent?

Answer 14

Likely suitable for home treatment

Question 15

Which of the following has less chance of nosocomial infection:
Empirical guidelines
MC&S

Answer 15

MC&S

Question 16

Name the 4 classifications of allergies

Answer 16

Type 1 72hrs
Type 3 >72hrs
Other idiopathic >72hrs

Question 17

Should patients with type 1 IgE mediated allergy receive penicillin?

Answer 17

NO! ANAPHYLAXIS

Question 18

What does HCAI stand for?

Answer 18

Healthcare associated infection

Question 19

Give two examples of healthcare associated infections

Answer 19

MRSA

ESBL

Question 20

Why is there many interactions with ciprofloxacin?

Answer 20

It’s a P450 enzyme inhibitor

Question 21

Why is there many interactions with rifampicin?

Answer 21

It’s a potent inducer of p450 enzymes

Question 22

Why is there interactions with macrolides?

Answer 22

They are CYP3A4 inhibitors

Question 23

What’s the risk with macrolides and statins

Answer 23

Myopathy

Question 24

What does AAD stand for?

Answer 24

Antibiotic associate diarrhoea

Question 25

Name 4 key types of resistance we are worried about?

Answer 25

MRSA
GISA/GRSA
betalactamases
GREs

Question 26

Is clostridium difficile an opportunistic infection?

Answer 26

Yeah

Question 27

Name 3 high risk antibiotics that can cause C.diff?

Answer 27

Clindamycin
Cephalosporin
Co-amoxiclav

Question 28

What does ECDC stand for?

Answer 28

European centre for disease prevention and control

Question 29

ESAC-net stands for what?

Answer 29

European surveillance of antimicrobial consumption

Question 30

Who funds EARS-net

Answer 30

ECDC

Question 31

What does EARS-net report?

Answer 31

Reports specifically on resistance patterns

Question 32

What colour do gram +ve stain and what type of peptidoglycan layer do they have?

Answer 32

Stain blue/purple

Thick peptidoglycan layer