RT Carcinogenesis, Heritable effects, RT in the embryo/fetus Flashcards
Following exposure, what cancer has the shortest latency period?
Leukemia
Most common cancer in Chernobyl?
Thyroid cancer with a short latency period
What cancer was not seen post radiation exposure?
Pancreatic, uterine, prostate
Following exposure to 1 Sv, how many will die of cancer?
8%
What percent of lung cancer deaths are caused by indoor radon exposure?
10-20%
Shape of curve of cancer following A-bomb
Linear, no threshold dose response curve
Kids treated with RT for tinea capitis had a higher incidence of what cancers?
brain, breast, leukemia, thyroid
Lifetime additional cancer risk following 100 mSv?
1%
After RT in utero, what is the increase of cancer?
1.5 risk or 50%
Doubling dose in humans
1.5 Sv, the dose needed to double the spontaneous mutation rate
What is the GSD?
Genetically significant dose, the average dose to teh gonads weighted to reflect childbearing potential.
0.3 mSv for radiation exposures
Permanent sterility in men
6 Gy
Permanent sterility in women
12 Gy in girls
2 Gy in mature premenopausal woman
Ratio of RT induced deaths from leukemia to solid tumors?
1:4
Are males or females more susceptible to radiation mutagenesis?
Males
Do males or females get more cancer following radiation exposure?
females
Is age at exposure important?
Yes, more sensitive when young
What are not radiation-induced cancer?
pancreas, uterine, prostate
ALARA stands for
As Low As Reasonable Achievable
annual exposure per year
6 mSv
megamouse project conclusions
1) Radiosensitivity of different mutations varies due to differences in gene size
2) acute exposure results in MORE mutations compared to low dose rate exposure (due to repair)
3) heritable consequences are reduced if time is allowed before conception
4) the estimate of doubling dose based on these data was set at 1 Gy based on low dose rate exposure
