RS5 pleural cavity quiz

Question 1

How does the oblique fissure divide the left lung?

Answer 1

Upper and lower lobe

Question 2

Where on the lung is the heart found?

Answer 2

The cardiac impression

Question 3

What membrane covers the lung and what separates the membrane from the thoracic wall?

Answer 3

Visceral pleura

Parietal pleura

Question 4

How is the right lung segmented?

Answer 4

By the oblique and horizontal fissure into the lower, middle and upper lobe

Question 5

What are the attachments of the diaphragm?

Answer 5

Sternal attachments –> arise from the xiphoid process as 2 small slips on the left and the right
Costal attachments –> arise as 6 paired slips from the lower 6 costal cartilages.
Vertebral attachments –> arise as left and right lumbocostal arches that cross the posterior abdominal wall and the right and left crural arise from the sides of the lumbar vertebrae L1-L3 on the right and L1-L2 on the left

Question 6

What passes through the canal opening and what level is it?

Answer 6

Inferior vena cava and the right phrenic nerve (T8)

Question 7

What level is the aortic opening?

Answer 7

T12

Question 8

What is transmitted in the oesophageal opening and at what level?

Answer 8

T10

Oesophagus and right and left vagus nerve

Question 9

What muscles are found laterally on the abdominal wall?

Answer 9

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominus
Transversalis fascia

Question 10

In what direction do external oblique fibres run?

Answer 10

Down and medial

Question 11

In what direction do internal oblique fibres run?

Answer 11

Up and medial

Question 12

What muscle is found int he centre of the abdomen?

Answer 12

Rectus abdominus

Question 13

What are the attachments of the rectus abdominus?

Answer 13

Rib cage and sternum to the pubic bone

Question 14

What are the functions of muscles of the abdominal wall? (4)

Answer 14

Trunk movement (flexion and twisting)
Compress the abdominal contents during defection, micturition and child birth.
Provide support during lifting of heavy objects.
Involved in ventilation particularly during speech.

Question 15

Name an accessory muscle of ventilation during forcible expiration (coughing and deep inspiration)

Answer 15

Latissimus dorsi

Question 16

Of what are the intercostal nerves a branch?

Answer 16

Anterior primary rams of a thoracic spinal nerve

Question 17

Name the branches of the intercostal nerves? (6)

Answer 17

Lateral and anterior cutaneous branches to the skin overlying that intercostal space.
Collateral branch supplying intercostal muscles.
Unnamed branches to intercostal muscles.
Pleural and peritoneal branches.
Articular branches to the joints of the ribs

Question 18

What branches of the descending aorta enter the lungs?

Answer 18

Bronchial arteries

Question 19

What do the bronchial arteries supply?

Answer 19

Tissues int he walls of the larger bronchi

Question 20

What branches are given off by the descending aortic in the thorax?

Answer 20

Pericardium, mediastinum, lungs, oesophagus, thoracic wall (posterior intercostal arteries) and the diaphragm.

Question 21

What are the functions of the diaphragm?

Answer 21

Muscle of ventilation.
raise the abdominal pressure when the larynx is closed as an aid to micturition, defection and parturition.
Aids lifting by the same mechanism.
Raising abdominal pressure helps to prevent flexing of the vertebral column when lifting heavy weights.

Question 22

What is the motor innervation of the diaphragm?

Answer 22

Phrenic nerve (C3-C5)

Question 23

What is the sensory innervation of the diaphragm?

Answer 23

Central - phrenic nerve

Lateral - lower 5 intercostal nerves