RS - Ethics Flashcards
Key words and meanings.
Abortion
The deliberate termination of a human pregnancy.
Viability
The stage at which a foetus can survive outside of the womb. (UK - 24 weeks)
Autonomy
The ability to make free and responsible choices.
Miscarriage
The premature birth of a baby too young to survive.
Adoption
The legal process by which a child gains new parents other than his or her birth parents.
Artificial Insemination
The injection of semen into the vagina or uterus by means of a syringe rather than sexual intercourse.
Bioethics
The study of the ethical and moral implications of new biological discoveries and biomedical advances, as in the fields of genetic engineering and drug research.
Celibacy
Remaining unmarried and without sexual relations for religious reasons.
Chastity
To abstain from sexual relations
Conception
The fertilisation of a female egg by a male sperm.
Contraception
The deliberate use of (artificial) methods or other techniques to prevent pregnancy.
Embryo
The earliest stage of development in a human life; a fertilised egg in its first week.
Fertility
The ability to conceive children.
Fostering
Temporarily looking after a child until the returns to his or her own family or until a suitable adoptive parent is found.
Infertility
Inability to conceive children naturally.
IVF (In Vitro Fertilisation)
The fertilisation of an egg (ovum) with sperm in a test tube.
Pro-choice
The view that about on should be legal and freely available to those women who wish to terminate their pregnancy.
Pro-life
The view that abortion is wrong and that all human life must be valued, including lives of unborn children.
Rape
To force a person to have sex against his or her will.
Reproductive technologies
The use of technology to assist human reproduction in the treatment of fertility.
Right to life
Belief that people or animals have a right to be born and kept alive.
Sanctity of life
The belief that all life is precious and sacred.
surrogacy
When another woman caries and gives birth to a baby for a couple who want to have a child but are unable to themselves.
Virgin
someone who has never had sexual relations
Uterus
The female organ in which the embryo develops. Also know as the womb.
absolute property
a condition characterised by serve deprecation of basic human needs. Depends not only on income but also access to services.
Accord
A marriage guidance service for Catholics
Adultery
Sexual intercourse between a. Married person and a person who is not their husband/wife.
Agapé
a Greek word for ‘love’; a Christina love which is practical and goes beyond duty.
Annulment
To declare that a marriage never actually took place.
co-habitation
The state of living together and having a sexual relationship without being married.
Divorce
The legal ending of a marriage.
Eros
A Greek word for love; sexual love or desire.
Fidelity
Being faithful to one sexual partner.
heterosexual
A person who is sexually attracted to someone of the same sex.
Inter-church marriage
A Christians marriage between a man and a woman who belong to different denominations.
Marriage
the legally recognised union of two people as partners in a personal relationship.
monogamy
The idea of having only one sexual partner.
pre-marital sex
Sex before marriage
registrar
Person who makes official record of births, deaths and marriages.
Relate
A marriage guidance association.
Relative poverty
the condition in which people lack the amount of income needed to maintain average standard of living in their society.
Singleness
To be without a sexual to marriage partner.
vows
promises, usually relating to baptism of marriage
vocation
The Christian belief that God calls people to a certain job.
Wedding
A ceremony carried out in church or registry office through which two people become married.
Active Euthanasia
The intentional act of causing the death of a patient.
Assisted Dying
the practice whereby a person suffering from a terminal illness or incurable condition is helped to take their own life. By means of lethal drugs provided by a doctor.
Assisted Suicide
Suicide with the help of another person.
Disability
Physical or mental condition that ministry a persons movements sense or activities.
Discrimination
To act unfairly towards a person or group of people; to put prejudice into action; to exclude people from equal treatment.
Equality
Everyone should be treated equally and given the same rights; identical cases should be treated in the same way.
Euthanasia
The intentional ending of a life; usually to relieve suffering.
Forgive
To stop feeling angry or restful towards someone for something they have done wrong.
feminism
The belief that women should have equal rights; the movement that promotes gender equality.
Gender
The state of being make or female
Hospice
A place that care for the terminally ill.
Involuntary Euthanasia
A person wants to live but is killed anyway. This is usually murder.
Lesbian
A female who is sexually attracted to someone of the same sex.
Living Will
Also know as an advance directive; a legal document stating how a person would wish to be treated if they could not communicate this to a doctor.
Marginalised
People who do not fit in with the rest of society and are pushed to one side and not treated equally.
Non-voluntary Euthanasia
The person cannot make a decision or cannot make their wishes known regarding euthanasia.
Palliative care
Medical, emotional and spiritual care for the terminally ill and their families.
Passive Euthanasia
Withdrawing medical treatment with the deliberate intention of causing the patient’s death.
Racism
To show hatred, unfairness or even violence to people because of their race; the idea that one race is superior to another.
Sexism
To act unfairly towards a someone because of their gender.
stereotype
The idea that a person shares all (usually negative) characteristics of a group to which it is assumed they belong.
Voluntary Euthanasia
When the person who is killed has requested to be killed.
ageism
Discrimination against someone because of age.
Biological weapons
a harmful biological agent is used as a weapon to cause death or disease.
Capital Punishment
To be sentenced and put to death for a crime.
Chemical weapons
A chemical or poison is used as a weapon to burn or paralyse humans or harm the natural environment.
Civilian
A person not in the armed services or the police force.
Crime
An act that breaks the law of the land.
Deterrence
The act of deterring people from doing something or performing, some action, such as committing a crime
Economic Costs
The amount of money spent carrying out an action.
Equality
everyone should be treated equally and given the same rights; identical cases should be treated in the same way.
Fair trade
Trade between companies in developed countries and producers in developing countries in which fair prices are paid to the producers.
Global
relating to the whole world; worldwide.
Holy War
A religious war.
Human Costs
The effects on the people involved such as in war.
Just War
The idea that war in certain circumstances is justifiable; must meet certain criteria.
Mercy killing
A term used for euthanasia.
Pacifism
Belief that war and violence are unjustifiable and that all disputes should be settled by peaceful means.
pacifist
a person who believes that war and violence are unjustifiable.
Nuclear Deterrence
The military doctrine that an enemy will be deterred from using nuclear weapons as long as he can be destroyed as a consequence.
Prejudice
A negative view of someone based on an unfounded or unreasonable belief; can lead to acts of discrimination.
refugee
a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution or natural disaster.
reform
to make better or improve; one of the aims of punishment
reparation
To make amends for something you have done wrong.
repentance
to admit to a wrongdoing and to say sorry.
Restorative justice
an alternative form of dealing with crime by engaging both offender and victim in talking through what has happened.
Retribution
a punishment that fits the crime and equals the injury inflicted.
Vindication
The action of clearing someone of blame or suspicion.
