RRQ 1-10

Question 1

What characteristic is shared among all life?

1) Reproduction
2) Metabolism
3) Evolution
4) Use of oxygen
5) Growth

Answer 1

2) Metabolism

Question 2

Which organism would require a high metabolism?

1) An organism with fast, large growth
2) An organism with no ability to defend itself from predators
3) An organism that absorbs nutrients from the external environment
4) An organism with few offspring

Answer 2

1) An organism with fast, large growth

Question 3

What happens when an organism runs out of energy?

1) It dies
2) It reproduces
3) It procures more energy
4) It gets sleepy
5) It falls into a coma

Answer 3

1) It dies

Question 4

A loss of biodiversity also reduces an ecosystems _____?

1) Harvest yield
2) Stability
3) Production rate
4) Nutrients

Answer 4

2) Stability

Question 5

If you had a billion dollars and wanted to use it to address the main cause of extinction, how would you spend your money?

1) Conserving habitats of plants
2) De-extinction of animal species
3) Conserving populations of animals
4) De-extinction of plant species

Answer 5

1) Conserving habitats of plants

Question 6

The largest bat colony in the world lives in Bracken Cave, Texas. The ~15 million Mexican free-tailed bats would be described as a….?

1) Population
2) Ecosystem
3) Species
4) Community

Answer 6

1) Population

Question 7

Each pumpkin has about 500 seeds inside. Each seed has the potential to grow into a new pumpkin plant during the next summer. Few seeds, though, will grow to a reproductive age. How would you describe a pumpkin life history?

1) Intermediate between r- and K- selected
2) r-selected
3) K-selected

Answer 7

2) r-selected

Question 8

Which of the following would cause a population to grow?

1) An increase in the birth rate and a larger increase in the death rate of a population
2) Identical increases in both the birth rate and the death rate of a population
3) Identical decreases in the birth rate and the death rate of a population
4) A decrease in the birth rate and an increase in the death rate of a population
5) An increase in the birthrate and a decrease in the death rate of a population

Answer 8

5) An increase in the birthrate and a decrease in the death rate of a population

Question 9

Your job it to raise jellyfish for aquariums. You have 10 jellyfish - five males and five females. EACH individual female jellyfish can produce 10,000 eggs per week and all your jellyfish are breeding. Unfortunately, only 10% of offspring survive through the end of the week (the rest die). What is the r for your jellyfish?

1) 50
2) 100
3) 500
4) 1000
5) 5000
6) 10,000

Answer 9

3) 500

Question 10

When would the K of a population of birds increase?

1) When the population of cats increases
2) When a storm knocks over trees
3) When its winter
4) When baby birds hatch
5) When you put out a bird feeder

Answer 10

5) When you put out a bird feeder

Question 11

Following a natural disaster, like a tornado, the size of a population will generally….?

1) Decrease, because there will be greater limiting factors on the population
2) Increase, because the population is below carrying capacity
3) Decrease, because organisms will struggle to find mates
4) Either increase or decrease; it is impossible to predict the events following a natural disaster
5) Increase, because the disaster will eliminate competitors

Answer 11

1) Decrease, because there will be greater limiting factors on the population

Question 12

A pack of wolves chase down a rabbit, and the wolves fight over who gets to eat it. Which type of interaction are they exhibiting?

1) Kin selection
2) Commensalism
3) Intraspecific competition
4) Resource partitioning
5) Interspecific competition

Answer 12

3) Intraspecific competition

Question 13

A bear eats blueberries and fish from a river. Its role in a food web is…?

1) Secondary consumer only
2) Primary and secondary consumer

3) Primary consumer only
4) Decomposer only

5) Primary consumer and decomposer
6) Producer and secondary consumer

7) Producer and primary consumer
8) Producer only

Answer 13

2) Primary and secondary consumer

Question 14

According to the idea of coevolution between predator and prey, what happens if the prey species evolves a new defense against the predator?

1) The prey population size will increase to outnumber the predators forever
2) The predator is expected to go extinct
3) The evolution of a corresponding predator response will overcome the prey’s defense
4) The predator population will increase

Answer 14

3) The evolution of a corresponding predator response will overcome the prey’s defense

Question 15

Sea cucumbers look like lumpy sausages on the sea floor. When a predator tries to eat one, the sea cucumber will squirt out its respiratory tissues, distracting the predator while the sea cucumber escapes and grows new respiratory tissue. What is this defense strategy?

1) Mobbing
2) Mimicry
3) Advertisement of danger
4) Camouflage
5) Divert attention

Answer 15

5) Divert attention

Question 16

A species will, over evolutionary time, spend ____ energy to avoid parasitism compared to the amount of energy spent avoiding predation.

1) The same amount of
2) More
3) Less

Answer 16

3) Less

Question 17

By spending lots of energy on raising young, ____-selected parents perform acts of altruism known as _______.

1) r : Inclusive fitness
2) K : Reciprocal altruism
3) K : Inclusive fitness
4) r : Reciprocal altruism

Answer 17

3) K : Inclusive fitness

Question 18

Species that are the first colonizers of a habitat undergoing primary succession….

1) Create disturbance events in the habitat
2) Are usually the most efficient competitors for resources
3) Inhibit colonization of the habitat by other organisms
4) Alter their habitat so it becomes more favorable to other species

Answer 18

4) Alter their habitat so it becomes more favorable to other species

Question 19

In the northern hemisphere, wind circulation generally moves west-to-east. In the Southern hemisphere, it moves east-to-west. Where would you expect to find deserts in the Southern hemisphere?

1) East of a mountain range
2) West of a mountain range
3) East of a large body of water
4) West of a large body of water

Answer 19

2) West of a mountain range

Question 20

In a lake, thermal stratification results in ____ oxygen and ____ nutrients in surface waters compared to deep waters.

1) More : More
2) Less : More
3) More : Less
4) Less : Less

Answer 20

3) More : Less

Question 21

Nitrogen is often a limiting nutrient in ecosystems because…

1) Atmospheric nitrogen is absorbed very rapidly by most organisms
2) Most organisms cannot use nitrogen from the atmosphere
3) There is less nitrogen in the atmosphere than carbon
4) Nitrogen availability is reduced due to fertilizer pollution

Answer 21

2) Most organisms cannot use nitrogen from the atmosphere

Question 22

What function does phosphorus have in life forms? (select 3)

1) Increase photosynthesis
2) Impacts DNA structure
3) Increases energy storage
4) Impacts protein structure
5) Impacts cell membrane structure

Answer 22

2) Impacts DNA structure, 3) Increases energy storage, 5) Impacts cell membrane structure

Question 23

Climate Change is impacted by major changes to the …

1) Neither the short nor long carbon cycle
2) Short carbon cycle, mostly
3) Long carbon cycle, mostly
4) Both short and long carbon cycle equally

Answer 23

3) Long carbon cycle, mostly

Question 24

With many greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere, why are people mostly focused on carbon dioxide?

1) Because only carbon dioxide absorbs UV-B radiation
2) Because CO2 makes up the largest percentage of the greenhouse gasses
3) Because only CO2 can cause global warming
4) Because humans are releasing large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

Answer 24

4) Because humans are releasing large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

Question 25

Sea level rise results from….

1) Warming water and melting sea ice
2) Eutrophication and melting sea ice
3) Warming water and eutrophication
4) Warming water and melting glaciers
5) Eutrophication and melting glaciers

Answer 25

4) Warming water and melting glaciers

Question 26

Why are we using more intensive mining approaches (mountaintop mining and fracking) to access fossil fuels?

1) Because new technology is always an improvement
2) Because the fossil fuels accessed by traditional methods are depleted
3) Because they cause less environmental damage
4) Because they reduce the amount of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere

Answer 26

2) Because the fossil fuels accessed by traditional methods are depleted

Question 27

Which of the following environmental problems is caused by burning fossil fuels?

1) Ozone depletion
2) Acid rain
3) Eutrophication
4) Radioactive waste

Answer 27

2) Acid rain

Question 28

Which of the following looks like an “X”?

1) One X chromosome (a sex chromosome)
2) A set of two chromosome #1
3) A set of X chromosomes in a female
4) A duplicated Chromosome #1 at the start of mitosis or meiosis

Answer 28

4) A duplicated Chromosome #1 at the start of mitosis or meiosis

Question 29

Hemoglobin, a protein, can come in two forms, HbA or HbS. These two, slightly different versions of the Hemoglobin protein are coded from…

1) Two different alleles
2) Two different chromosomes
3) Two different genes

Answer 29

1) Two different alleles

Question 30

One variant of the BRCA gene (which fixes breaks in the DNA strand) results in a 13% lifetime risk of cancer.
Its DNA reads: GTG/CAC/CTG/ACT/CCT/GAG

Another variant of the BRCA gene (the one linked with high rates of breast and ovarian cancer) results in a 65% lifetime risk of cancer.
Its DNA reads: GTG/CAC/CTG/ACT/CCT/GTG

What type of mutation produces the higher probability of cancer?

1) Insertion
2) Deletion
3) Substitution

Answer 30

3) Substitution

Question 31

How is your genetic information similar to your parents’ genetic information?

1) You have the same genetic information as each of your parents, just half is active.

2) Depending on how much crossing-over occurs, you could have a lot of genetic information from one parent and very little from the other.

3) You have one set of genes similar to your parents’ and another set from your grandparents.

4) For each gene, one of your alleles is from one parent and the other is from the other parent.

Answer 31

4) For each gene, one of your alleles is from one parent and the other is from the other parent.

Question 32

In a famous study on finch beaks, researchers measured the size of beaks within one species of bird. They found that during droughts, smaller seeds were more common and finches with smaller beaks became more common. During years with more rainfall, larger seeds were more common and finches with larger beaks became more common. The change in the finches’ beaks is an example of…

1) Macroevolution
2) Microevolution

Answer 32

2) Microevolution

Question 33

What CAUSES variation in finch beaks?

1) Environmental factors such as weather conditions
2) A large amount of time
3) DNA mutations due to mutagens (chemicals or radiation)
4) DNA mutations due to replication errors
5) Environmental factors such as seed availability

Answer 33

4) DNA mutations due to replication errors

Question 34

Dogs and wolves can occasionally interbreed, but dogs and cats cannot. Why?

1) Because dogs and cats speciated (diverged from a common ancestor) earlier than dogs and wolves
2) Because dogs and wolves speciated (diverged from a common ancestor) earlier than dogs and cats
3) Because dogs and cats are actually the same species; dogs and wolves are different species
4) Because dogs and wolves are actually the same species; dogs and cats are different species

Answer 34

1) Because dogs and cats speciated (diverged from a common ancestor) earlier than dogs and wolves

Question 35

It requires 8 enzymes (proteins) for an organism to make Vitamin C.
You cannot make Vitamin C. What sort of mutation most probably occurred in our primate ancestor to result in this condition?

1) One of the genes developed a “frame-shift” mutation
2) One of the genes developed a substitution mutation
3) All of the genes developed substitution mutations
4) All of the genes developed “frame-shift” mutations

Answer 35

1) 1) One of the genes developed a “frame-shift” mutation

Question 36

The following are amino acid sequences of the same protein from four different species. (each letter is an abbreviation for one amino acid)

Species A: V P L I P G V T M

Species B: V P L I P G V V A

Species C: V O L I P F V T M

Species D: V V L I P G V T M

Which two species are probably the closest relatives?

1) A + C
2) B + C
3) C + D
4) B + D
5) A + B
6) A + D

Answer 36

6) A + D

Question 37

Cystic Fibrosis results from 3 missing DNA nucleic acids (bases). How many amino acids would be missing from the CF protein?

1) 1
2) 3
3) 6
4) 9

Answer 37

1) 1

Question 38

The RNA vaccine will undergo ____ in your cells.

1) Transcription
2) Translation
3) Both transcription and translation
4) Meiosis
5) Mitosis

Answer 38

2) Translation

Question 39

Variation and selection both contribute to evolution. Which of the following factors increase variation?

1) Humans choosing desirable traits
2) Limited environmental resources
3) Mates choosing desirable traits
4) Random deaths due to a catastrophic event
5) Genetic mutations

Answer 39

5) Genetic mutations

Question 40

Why does a pseudogene usually result from a duplicated gene?

1) Because pseudogenes produce slightly different proteins than the original, increasing variation
2) Because the original gene cannot mutate
3) Because a gene’s duplicate will have higher mutation rates than the original
4) Because a mutation in a duplicated gene will not harm the organism

Answer 40

4) Because a mutation in a duplicated gene will not harm the organism

Question 41

Which of the following is a NON-random process?

1) DNA mutation
2) Sexual recombination of DNA
3) Natural selection
4) Genetic drift

Answer 41

3) Natural selection

Question 42

Rats used in research laboratories are not used for breeding if they are difficult to handle. As a result most lab rats today are very gentle. What selective pressure is applied?

1) Sexual selection
2) Genetic drift
3) Natural selection
4) Artificial selection

Answer 42

4) Artificial selection

Question 43

Which of the following is an example of genetic drift?

1) Some chickens bred for egg production and other chickens bred for meat
2) A few lizards surviving a rockslide
3) Developmental similarities between fish and amphibians
4) A few bobcats migrating from one population to another population far away
5) Dark moths in a light-colored environment more easily seen by predators

Answer 43

2) A few lizards surviving a rockslide

Question 44

Wild pumpkins have a range of toxicity. The lowest toxic fruits were used to develop the domestic pumpkins we now grow as crops. What selective shift was used in our food pumpkins?

1) Diversifying
2) Directional
3) Stabilizing

Answer 44

2) Directional

Question 45

Wild horses on the Outer Banks are descended from a group of domestic horses that explorers left behind in the 1500s. The horses have very low genetic diversity and one less vertebral bone than most horses. What selective pressure applied to these horses?

1) Artificial selection
2) Genetic drift
3) Sexual selection
4) Natural selection

Answer 45

2) Genetic drift

Question 46

One species of cicadas grow as larvae underground for 17 years, then emerge, undergo metamorphosis, reproduce as adults, and die. Some cicadas emerge from underground at 16 or 18 years, but have little success finding a mate. What selective shift occurs in these cicadas?

1) Directional
2) Stabilizing
3) Diversifying

Answer 46

2) Stabilizing

Question 47

Which plant is the MOST fit?

1) A plant that produces many surviving offspring
2) A very tall plant
3) A plant that grows very quickly
4) A plant with few predators/diseases
5) A plant with a large root system

Answer 47

1) A plant that produces many surviving offspring

Question 48

Evolutionary adaptations are…

1) Individual responses to a changing environment
2) Genetic traits modified or developed by an individual to increase survival
3) Successful traits an individual is born with
4) Skills developed by and individual to outcompete others

Answer 48

3) Successful traits an individual is born with

Question 49

It is a dystopian future and human society has collapsed. Domesticated cats run wild in the suburbs of Raleigh. The cats that had been declawed survive by hunting mice and voles. The cats that still had claws survive by hunting birds. Even though their offspring all have claws, the parents teach them how to hunt. Over a very very long time, a speciation event occurs between the two groups. What type of speciation has occurred?

1) Parapatric
2) Sympatric
3) Allopatric

Answer 49

2) Sympatric

Question 50

The Pseudogene FAAH-OUT undergoes…

1) Transcription and translation
2) Transcription, but not translation
3) Translation, but not transcription
4) Neither transcription nor translation

Answer 50

2) Transcription, but not translation

Question 51

What caused the Oxygen Catastrophe?

1) Asteroid hit Earth
2) Hot temps (global warming)
3) volcanic activity
4) Photosynthetic bacteria
5) Collision of tectonic plates

Answer 51

4) Photosynthetic bacteria

Question 52

Place the following events in order (first = earliest in time; fifth= most recent in time).

__Plants moving onto land, __Eukaryotic cells, __Prokaryotic cells, __Animals moving onto land, __Multicellular organism

Answer 52

Fourth, second, First, fifth, Third

Question 53

You find a fossil of an early proto-bird (evolutionarily speaking, not the kind that gets the worm).

What rock layer were you looking in?

1) Paleogene period (65-23mya)
2) Jurassic period (200-150mya)
3) Triassic period (250-200mya)
4) Devonian period (420-350mya)
5) Cambrian period (550-500mya)

Answer 53

2) Jurassic period (200-150mya)

Question 54

Which observation was NOT noted by early geologists?

1) Older layers of earth were found on top of newer layers
2) Simpler fossils were found in lower layers of the earth
3) The same layers of earth were found in different places
4) Some fossils were of organisms no longer in existence

Answer 54

1) Older layers of earth were found on top of newer layers

Question 55

Which organism would be MOST likely to fossilize?

1) Colossal squid (Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni)

2) Giant catfish (Pangasianodon gigas)

3) Giant earthworm (Microchaetus rappi)

4) Savanna elephant (Loxodonta africana)

Answer 55

2) Giant catfish (Pangasianodon gigas)

Question 56

Which type of speciation is MOST DIFFICULT to determine using fossils and the concept of biogeography?

1) Allopatric
2) Sympatric
3) Parapatric

Answer 56

2) Sympatric

Question 57

Biogeography & Medicine: Some medicines work differently on different groups of people. Sometimes this is due to genes these groups have in common.
Why do people from close locations have similar reactions to a medication?

1) Because they interbreed more so have higher gene flow
2) Because they have the same mutations occur due to the same environment
3) Because they choose similar adaptations to fit in
4) Because they have similar environmental pressures

Answer 57

1) Because they interbreed more so have higher gene flow

Question 58

Cows and termites both have unicellular organisms (symbionts) in their stomachs to help them break down cellulose. Cow symbionts help them break down cellulose in grasses; termite symbionts help them break down cellulose in wood. This trait (presence of gut symbionts) is _______, the product of _______ evolution.

1) analogous : convergent
2) homologous : divergent
3) analogous : divergent
4) homologous : convergent

Answer 58

1) analogous : convergent

Question 59

Which trait do all animals share?

1) All have three major tissue types
2) All have heart-like pumps to move fluids
3) All have segmented limbs
4) All ingest their food
5) All reproduce sexually

Answer 59

4) All ingest their food

Question 60

Which group of organisms is MOST related to animals?

1) Fungi
2) Amoebozoans
3) Choanoflagellates
4) Plants

Answer 60

3) Choanoflagellates

Question 61

What is the main difference between protostomes and deuterostomes?

1) Complete or incomplete digestive tracts
2) Bilateral or radial symmetry
3) Number of germ layers
4) Timing of development of mouth and anus

Answer 61

4) Timing of development of mouth and anus

Question 62

The evolution of bilateral symmetry is associated with the evolution of…

1) Tissues
2) Gastrulation
3) Ectoderm
4) Cephalization

Answer 62

4) Cephalization

Question 63

What is the benefit of an endoskeleton?

1) It allows larger growth than an exoskeleton
2) It’s lighter than a hydroskeleton
3) It’s better protection than an exoskeleton
4) It’s more flexible than a hydroskeleton

Answer 63

1) It allows larger growth than an exoskeleton

Question 64

In which structure is food NOT chemically digested?

1) Small intestine
2) Stomach
3) Mouth
4) Pancreas

Answer 64

4) Pancreas

Question 65

One requirement of the older school lunch law was that milk be low in fat. Where in the digestive tract would milk-fat start chemical digestion? What molecule digests fat chemically?

1) Small intestine : bile
2) Small intestine : lipase
3) large intestine : amylase
4) stomach : lipase
5) large intestine : bile
6) stomach : pepsin

Answer 65

2) Small intestine : lipase

Question 66

Which animal has no large intestine?

1) Squirrel
2) Frog
3) Bird
4) Fish

Answer 66

4) Fish

Question 67

Why is countercurrent exchange (respiration) so effective?

1) Because the fish does not have to move for respiration to occur
2) Because gasses are exchanged at every location along the gill
3) Because gills have high surface area

Answer 67

2) Because gasses are exchanged at every location along the gill

Question 68

Your circulatory system developed from _______ (germ layer).

1) Endoderm
2) Ectoderm
3) Mesoderm

Answer 68

3) mesoderm

Question 69

What is the difference between open and closed circulation?

1) Whether it can interact with other systems, like the respiratory system, or not
2) Whether vessels create a complete circuit or not
3) Whether it requires energy to function or not
4) Whether the heart is attached to vessels or not
5) Whether the heart is present or not

Answer 69

2) Whether vessels create a complete circuit or not

Question 70

Match the heart chamber with the type of blood inside and its origin/destination:

1) Right ventricle
2) Left ventricle
3) Left atrium
4) Right atrium

a) holds deoxygenated blood going to the lungs
b) holds oxygenated blood going to the body
c) holds oxygenated blood coming from the lungs
d) holds deoxygenated blood coming from the body

Answer 70

1a, 2b, 3c, 4d

Question 71

Which of the following terms apply to Poriferans?
[Select 2]

1) Protostome
2) Segmentation
3) Radial symmetry
4) 2 germ tissues
5) Open circulation
6) Choanocytes
7) Deuterostome
8) Spicules

Answer 71

6) Choanocytes
8) Spicules

Question 72

Why are sponges considered the most similar to ancestral animals?

1) Because they use flagella to move water
2) Because their feeding cells are similar to a unicellular organism
3) Because they have no specialized respiratory structures
4) Because their defensive structures are made of minerals

Answer 72

2) Because their feeding cells are similar to a unicellular organism

Question 73

Cnidarians, such as jellyfish, have ___ germ layers and a(n) ___ digestive tract.

1) 3 : complete
2) 3 : incomplete
3) 2 : incomplete
4) 2 : complete

Answer 73

3) 2 : incomplete

Question 74

Which threat to coral reefs negatively impacts the coral exoskeleton?

1) ocean acidification
2) sea level rise
3) ocean warming
4) eutrophication
5) chemical pollutants

Answer 74

1) ocean acidification

Question 75

Which order of Phyla represents the #1, #2, and #3 most abundant animals?

1) Arthropoda, Mollusca, Chordata
2) Nematoda, Chordata, Mollusca
3) Arthropoda, Nematoda, Mollusca
4) Insecta, Nematoda, Chordata
5) Chordata, Insecta, Crustacea
6) Arthropoda, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda
7) Arthropoda, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda

Answer 75

3) Arthropoda, Nematoda, Mollusca

Question 76

Which animal is the closest relative to a snail?

1) Planarian
2) Earthworm
3) Sea urchin
4) Shrimp
5) Rotifer

Answer 76

2) Earthworm

Question 77

What trait links Molluscs and Annelids?

1) Presence of an exoskeleton
2) Type of larva
3) Segmentation
4) Presence of radula
5) Use of parapodia for movement

Answer 77

2) Type of larva

Question 78

Which structure secretes the exoskeleton of a Mollusc?

1) Viscera
2) Mantle
3) Polyp
4) Radula
5) Foot

Answer 78

2) Mantle

Question 79

What traits do Annelids and Arthropods have in common?
[select 2]

1) diffusion of respiratory gasses across body surface
2) type of skeleton
3) open circulatory system
4) cephalization
5) segmentation

Answer 79

4) cephalization
5) segmentation

Question 80

What trait is found in both Arthropods and Nematodes?

1) shedding of cuticle to grow
2) segmentation
3) paired appendages
4) open circulation

Answer 80

1) shedding of cuticle to grow

Question 81

Two Animal Phyla that have exoskeletons are Arthropods and _____.

This trait is: [homologous | analogous]

1) Annelida: analogous
2) Porifera: homologous
3) Cnideria: homologous
4) Mollusca : analogous

Answer 81

4) Mollusca : analogous

Question 82

Which group of arthropods contains the most species?

1) Insect
2) Spider
3) Crustacean
4) Milli/centipede

Answer 82

1) Insect

Question 83

People believed that hookworm had been eradicated from the U.S. It has returned and is associated with areas of high poverty. Investigate how hookworms enter the body, why would people in poverty be at risk of this parasite?

1) Less access to electricity means that food may be undercooked
2) Children may not have access to shoes, and go barefoot
3) Fewer homes have intact window screens, allowing insect vectors to enter
4) There is more use of chemicals, increasing snail populations

Answer 83

2) Children may not have access to shoes, and go barefoot

Question 84

Which Class of fish did tetrapods evolve from?

1) jawless fish
2) cartilagenous fish
3) lobe-finned fish
4) ray-finned fish

Answer 84

3) lobe-finned fish

Question 85

What is the main benefit of an amniotic egg?

1) it allows the organisms to live in drier environments
2) the shell physically protects the embryo
3) it allows for larger offspring
4) the many membranes are complex; complexity is better

Answer 85

1) it allows the organisms to live in drier environments

Question 86

Which animal develops similarly to a human for the longest time?

1) Slug
2) Sand dollar
3) Lobster
4) Jellyfish
5) Roundworm

Answer 86

2) Sand dollar

Question 87

The lungworm is transmitted by snails (mollusc subgroup ____).

1) Bivalvia
2) Crustacea
3) Gastropoda
4) Cephalopoda

Answer 87

3) Gastropoda

Question 88

The main reactants in photosynthesis are _____ & _____; the main product is _____.

1) sunlight & water : oxygen
2) carbon dioxide & sunlight : water
3) carbon dioxide & water : sugar
4) oxygen & sunlight : sugar

Answer 88

3) carbon dioxide & water : sugar

Question 89

There are many groups of algae (brown, golden, red, green), all identified by their type of chloroplast. How did algae develop their chloroplasts?

1) Gene mutations produced the different pigments
2) Ancestral algae engulfed different photosynthetic bacteria
3) Developmental shifts result in different pigments

Answer 89

2) Ancestral algae engulfed different photosynthetic bacteria

Question 90

Where do plants get the carbon used to build molecules and grow their bodies?

1) Soil
2) Air
3) Water
4) Sunlight

Answer 90

2) Air

Question 91

Why do plants produce so many chemicals we use as medicine?

1) plants produce chemicals that disrupt animal physiological processes, and protect the plant from predation

2) plants produce chemicals necessary to help them survive extreme temperatures and droughts; these chemicals also help animal cells survive

3) plants absorb and store toxic molecules from the soil, which impact animal physiology

4) exposure to sunlight changes plant enzymes to molecules that impact animal physiology

5) waste products excreted by plants have evolved to be beneficial to animals

Answer 91

1) plants produce chemicals that disrupt animal physiological processes, and protect the plant from predation

Question 92

In mosses, the archegonium and antheridium produce _____.

1) Seeds
2) Spores
3) Gametes (eggs + sperm)
4) Pollen

Answer 92

3) Gametes (eggs + sperm)

Question 93

Pterophytes, such as ferns, are limited to moist habitats due to their…

1) seed dispersion
2) sporangium structure
3) vascular tissue
4) swimming sperm
5) small size

Answer 93

4) swimming sperm

Question 94

Which structure would be most likely to survive if it blew onto the surface of a small rock surrounded by fertile soil?

1) seed
2) pollen
3) spore
4) sorus

Answer 94

1) seed

Question 95

Which plant lives the longest percent of their life as a sporophyte?

1) Fern
2) Pine Tree
3) All plants live equal percent’s of their lives as sporophytes
4) Moss

Answer 95

2) Pine Tree

Question 96

Early in their evolution, pollen-producing plants could extend their range and move to _____ .

1) hotter environments
2) less stable environments
3) drier environments
4) wetter environments
5) colder environments

Answer 96

3) drier environments

Question 97

If you eat a seedless grape, what flower structure are you eating?

1) Ovary
2) Anther
3) Style
4) Ovule

Answer 97

1) Ovary

Question 98

Xylem transports _____ from the _____ to the _____.

1) water : roots : leaves
2) sperm : antheridia : archegonia
3) sugars : roots : leaves
4) water : leaves : roots
5) sugars : leaves : roots
6) pollen : anther : stigma

Answer 98

1) water : roots : leaves

Question 99

If up to 80% of a plant lives underground, how do those cells get sugars to power its cells and grow?

1) Sugars are produced in the roots and transported to other parts of the plant via phloem

2) Sugars are absorbed directly from the soil

3) Sugars are produced in the leaves and sent to the roots via phloem

4) Sugars are produced in the roots and transported to other parts of the plant via xylem

5) Sugars are produced in the leaves and sent to the roots via xylem

Answer 99

3) Sugars are produced in the leaves and sent to the roots via phloem

Question 100

In general, higher light levels ____ stomata, which ____ photosynthesis.

1) open : increases
2) close : increases
3) close : decreases
4) open : decreases

Answer 100

1) open : increases

Question 101

Plants, except for _____, limit water loss by closing pores in their leaves called _____.

1) Bryophytes : cuticles
2) Pterophytes : vacules
3) Pterophytes : sporangia
4) Pterophytes : xylem
5) Bryophytes : stomata
6) Bryophytes : archegonia

Answer 101

5) Bryophytes : stomata