RRLs to remember Flashcards
The older adult population, defined as those aged 60 years and older, is recognized to be a vulnerable population that are more likely to develop physical comorbidities compared to other age groups. The older adults are said to have a higher prevalence of health problems but may have issues in seeking healthcare services or personally addressing health needs
Poudel et al., 2022
the older adult population comprise 12.3% of the total global population with Asia-Pacific Region having the largest number of older adults.
United Nations Development Program
It is expected that the older adult population will grow by 56% worldwide
Dugarova, 2017
In the Philippines, there is an increase in older adult household population from 7.5% in 2015 to 8.5% in 2020. The ageing index is expected to increase by 4.2% nationwide
Philippine Statistics Authority, 2022
Health-seeking behaviors are activities or practices
that engage in health promotion and disease prevention
Saah, 2021
These behaviors vary in terms of the nature of comorbidities, accessibility and financial capacity, and willingness of an individual. Health-seeking behaviors include, but are not limited to, dietary changes, engaging in frequent physical activities, utilization of healthcare services (regular health monitoring & seeking immediate medical attention as needed), use of prescribed medications, and avoidance of tobacco use and alcohol consumption. These behaviors may be categorized as behavioral characteristics and healthcare utilization
Poudel et al., 2022
When health needs go unmet and unhealthy behaviors are practiced, older adult mortality increases
Baker & Clark, 2020
In Butuan City, there is an increased trend of
unhealthy behaviors with percentages higher than national levels in terms of alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, physical inadequacy, as well as the presence of morbidities such as hypertension and diabetes
DOST, 2018
The average lifespan of humans is increasing. The
typical length has increased to the 60s and beyond in recent decades. The global trend toward an ageing society is reflected in an increase in both absolute numbers and the share of the population over 65 in every region. As of the year 2030, one in every six persons on the planet will be 60 or older. There will be 1.4 billion people aged 60 and above
in the world by 2020. The number of individuals aged 60 and more is expected to double throughout the globe by 2050 (2.1 billion). Between 2020 and 2050, the world’s population of
people aged 80 and over is projected to treble, from 168 million to 426 million
WHO, 2022
Individuals aged 60 years and above are considered a vulnerable population; their illnesses are known as suffering comorbidities. Examples of comorbidities are diseases such as cancer and HIV/AIDS, Diabetes, Chronic Cardiovascular ailments, and chronic respiratory
PSA, 2020
Increasing age has varied implications on how older Filipinos assess themselves depending on what portion of their lives they are evaluating. As individuals age, they are more likely to have chronic health problems and a decreased
quality of functioning. Older adults may more likely require health services compared to younger individuals. Despite the growing population of individuals living with chronic diseases worldwide, many are still able to continue functioning and continue to maintain their well-being. Approximately 8% of older people are receiving care due to continuing health conditions, thus classifying as long term care
Cruz,2019
The human body can wear out overtime, due to the natural deteriorative process which can be related to the daily stresses that the body receives
Sattuar, 2020
This would lead to a decline in physical, mental, and an increased risk of disease and death
WHO, 2022
Comorbidity refers to the presence of more than one chronic and distinct health condition in an individual. It is defined as “any distinct additional entity that has existed or may occur during the clinical course of a patient who has the index disease under study”. There are four major types of distinctions made in the conceptualization of comorbidity: the nature of the health condition, the relative importance of the co-occurring conditions, the chronology of presentation of conditions, and expanded conceptualizations.
Comorbidity is always viewed as a person-level construct, regardless of the specific approach taken to define it
Valderas, 2009
Comorbidity can occur with both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Communicable diseases, such as HIV and tuberculosis, have been found to have a high rate of comorbidity with other chronic conditions
Oni, 2015
Similarly, non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular, lung, and liver diseases have also been found to be associated with comorbidity. The presence of comorbidity can significantly impact an individual’s health outcomes and the management of their chronic conditions
The Academy of Medical Science, 2018
The survey by Philippine Heart Association revealed that the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in hospital-based populations indicates that hypertension has the highest prevalence at 38.6% among cardiovascular diseases, according to a study by
Sison et. al. (2020)
Hypertension is a highly prevalent disease and remains a significant concern for public health systems. This can be traced back to poor behavioral characteristics such as physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, smoking, and poor dietary habits. The risk of hypertension increases with age. Making it prevalent in older adults estimated at 7 out of 10 adults, aged 65 years and older
Muli et al., 2020
at Butuan City, 39.3% of older adults are hypertensive, 21.8% have high fasting blood sugar, 30% are current alcohol 20 consumers, 12.8% are tobacco smokers, and 48.2% are insufficiently physically active. According to the survey, these percentages are significantly higher than national levels indicating an increased trend of unhealthy behaviors/practices in the city.
2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey conducted by the Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
Generally, health or care seeking behavior refers to any activity made by persons who feel themselves to have a health condition or to be unwell with the intention of finding a suitable treatment
Oberoi et al., 2017
older people do follow some preventive measures but were not completely informed of the risks and grounds behind it, hence, some were reluctant or unable to follow health restrictions. Female older adult, dubbed as “homemakers” in the study, showed higher adherence to precautions since getting infected would increase their burden on responsibilities to the household. Thus, health seeking behaviors were more observed in females as a means to protect the whole family and decrease added responsibilities in the household.
Mou et al., (2022)
In contrast, they discovered that older adult men (58.2%) had a higher likelihood of health-seeking behavior than females (41%). It was because older adult men in their study were shown to have more illnesses than females. Results also revealed that the greater education, the more there is access to information, especially in terms of health promotion & disease prevention. This justifies the finding that those with formal or higher education are more likely to take part in health precautions. However, not all having higher education actively engaged in health-seeking behaviors following their mistrust in rules and regulations by the state and experts.
Barua et al., (2017)
discussed in their study that older adults sought health information from a variety of sources in order to broaden and validate their knowledge and understanding, as well as to analyze the dependability and quality of health information. The most often reported sources were provider, internet, family, and peers, but the order varied across participants. By doing so, older adults were able to confirm the accuracy of the material they had discovered online, compare it to that of their peers, or better comprehend any health issues that their physician had raised. Even while there is more consumer of health information available online and older persons are using the internet more frequently, there has not been a rise in the reliability of online information. The inclination of older persons to seek health information from healthcare providers remains consistent. The choice for providers as a source of health information was associated with concerns of trust and the idea that physicians have more dependable and accurate knowledge than other sources of health information.
Turner et al., (2018)
most older adults learned about the herbal medications they bought through radio advertisements. This is particularly illuminating given that herbal items were also advertised in other media, such as posters and newspapers. Additionally, 95% of them claimed that radio advertisements had a significant influence on their health-related decisions while only 5% did not agree. This is because radio commercials, particularly those for herbal treatments, give customers crucial information to help them make a buying decision.
Ayimey et al., (2020)
