rrd #1 extras

Question 1

solutes

Answer 1

particles dissolved in fluid

Question 2

examples of solutes

Answer 2

• proteins found in plasma
• glucose
• electrolytes

Question 3

examples of proteins found in plasma

Answer 3

albumin and lipoproteins
- in cells, proteins are abundant intracellular anion

Question 4

electrolytes and examples

Answer 4

molecules that once in fluid, separated into charged atoms called ions
- Na+, Cl-, K+, Ca2+, PO4-

Question 5

sodium (Na+)

Answer 5

main cation in EXTRAcellular fluids

Question 6

chloride (Cl-)

Answer 6

• follows Na
• may travel together as NaCl

Question 7

potassium (K+)

Answer 7

main cation in INTRAcellular fluids

Question 8

calcium (Ca2+)

Answer 8

important cation for muscle contraction and clotting

Question 9

phosphorous/phosphate (PO4-)

Answer 9

• main INTRAcellular anion
• balances Ca2+ (one is high, other low)

Question 10

normal resting membrane potential (RMP) of most cells is?

Answer 10

-90 mv

Question 11

why is RMP negative?

Answer 11

in resting state of a cell, there are slightly more ANIONS than cations INSIDE the cell membrane

Question 12

normal depolarization point at which cell contracts is about?

Answer 12

+30 mv

Question 13

normal polar status of cell membrane is?

Answer 13

-90 and +30 mv

Question 14

what does it mean to be polar?

Answer 14

two points that are apart
- one point is -90
- other point is the goal of the cell so it can contact: +30

Question 15

when an ______ signal reaches the resting cell, it changes the balance of ____ and ___ in the cell. more _____ flood the cell.

Answer 15

electrical, cations, anions, cations

Question 16

cations flooding the cell causes what to the cell membrane?

Answer 16

increase positivity to +30 mV, the goal charge for cell membranes to depolarize/contract

Question 17

cations like ____ flood into the cell and depolarize the cell

Answer 17

Na+

Question 18

where does the electrical signal come from?

Answer 18

a nerve or previous cell

Question 19

polar gap status

Answer 19

distance from RMP to goal charge

Question 20

intracellular fluid compartment

Answer 20

fluid-filled space inside cells (solutes dissolved in the fluid)

Question 21

extracellular fluid compartment

Answer 21

consist of interstitial fluid and plasma fluid compartment

Question 22

interstitial fluid compartment

Answer 22

fluid-filled space between cells and blood vessels (solutes are dissolved in this fluid)

Question 23

plasma fluid compartment

Answer 23

• fluid-filled space btw walls of blood vessels
• the blood, vasculature, bloodstream, “in the vascular system,” “in the blood vessels,”in circulatory system,” “blood volume,” plasma, blood, circulation

Question 24

cells and interstitial spaces are often lump together as _____ in a clinical setting

Answer 24

tissue

Question 25

example of tissue used in clinical setting

Answer 25

if blood is diluted with extra water, fluid