rrd #1 extras Flashcards
A&P overview of solutes, electrical fxn of cells, and body fluid compartments
solutes
particles dissolved in fluid
examples of solutes
- proteins found in plasma
- glucose
- electrolytes
examples of proteins found in plasma
albumin and lipoproteins
- in cells, proteins are abundant intracellular anion
electrolytes and examples
molecules that once in fluid, separated into charged atoms called ions
- Na+, Cl-, K+, Ca2+, PO4-
sodium (Na+)
main cation in EXTRAcellular fluids
chloride (Cl-)
- follows Na
- may travel together as NaCl
potassium (K+)
main cation in INTRAcellular fluids
calcium (Ca2+)
important cation for muscle contraction and clotting
phosphorous/phosphate (PO4-)
- main INTRAcellular anion
- balances Ca2+ (one is high, other low)
normal resting membrane potential (RMP) of most cells is?
-90 mv
why is RMP negative?
in resting state of a cell, there are slightly more ANIONS than cations INSIDE the cell membrane
normal depolarization point at which cell contracts is about?
+30 mv
normal polar status of cell membrane is?
-90 and +30 mv
what does it mean to be polar?
two points that are apart
- one point is -90
- other point is the goal of the cell so it can contact: +30
when an ______ signal reaches the resting cell, it changes the balance of ____ and ___ in the cell. more _____ flood the cell.
electrical, cations, anions, cations
cations flooding the cell causes what to the cell membrane?
increase positivity to +30 mV, the goal charge for cell membranes to depolarize/contract
cations like ____ flood into the cell and depolarize the cell
Na+
where does the electrical signal come from?
a nerve or previous cell
polar gap status
distance from RMP to goal charge
intracellular fluid compartment
fluid-filled space inside cells (solutes dissolved in the fluid)
extracellular fluid compartment
consist of interstitial fluid and plasma fluid compartment
interstitial fluid compartment
fluid-filled space between cells and blood vessels (solutes are dissolved in this fluid)
plasma fluid compartment
- fluid-filled space btw walls of blood vessels
- the blood, vasculature, bloodstream, “in the vascular system,” “in the blood vessels,”in circulatory system,” “blood volume,” plasma, blood, circulation
cells and interstitial spaces are often lump together as _____ in a clinical setting
tissue
example of tissue used in clinical setting
if blood is diluted with extra water, fluid