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BDS2 RPD > RPD - Connectors > Flashcards

RPD - Connectors Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by the term ‘connector’?

A
  • A term used to describe the rigid part of a partial denture that unites other components. There are minor connectors and major connectors
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2
Q

What are the 2 types of connectors?

A
  • Minor and major connectors
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3
Q

What is the purpose of major connectors?

A
  • Part of the denture that connects components on one side of the arch to components on the other side of the arch
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4
Q

What is the purpose of minor connectors?

A
  • Join components such as rests to the major connector

- They transfer functional stresses to and from the abutment teeth

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5
Q

What are the requirements of a minor connector? (4 points)

A
  • Be rigid
  • Finish above (towards the occlusal surface) the survey line of the teeth
  • Cross the gingival margin at right angles (to maintain gingival health)
  • Cover as little gingival tissue as possible - trying to maintain the health of the gingiva
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6
Q

When using minor connectors what do you want to avoid?

A
  • Avoid having multiple ‘windows’ (don’t want lots of thin bits connecting lots of bits together)
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7
Q

What are the requirements of a major connector? (4 points)

A
  • Be rigid (no modifications to this rule)
  • Avoid covering gingival margins
  • Be comfortable, with as few edges as possible
  • Cover al little tissue as is consistent with rigidity (apart from Craddock’s class 3)
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8
Q

What modifications may need to me made in major connectors? (6 points)

A
  • Base distribution
  • Need for tissue support
  • Need for indirect retention
  • Anatomical limitations
  • Prognosis of the dentition
  • Previous denture influence
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9
Q

In modifications for major connectors what is ‘prognosis of the dentition’?

A
  • Situation where you’re planning on giving the patient a denture but there are a few teeth that are unlikely to last the full time of the denture - can factor this into the design so it is easy to add a tooth to the denture if it happens
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10
Q

In modifications for major connectors what is ‘previous denture influence’?

A
  • If the previous denture is a denture they are happy with then don’t try to change this or try to change the design - just reproduce what they already have
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11
Q

Can a plate connector be made thinner in cross section but still maintain its rigidity?

A
  • Yes
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12
Q

Which kind of connector design is the option for mucosa supported (Craddock’s class 2) designs?

A
  • Plate designs
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13
Q

How thin can the cross sectional thickness of a plate be?

A
  • As little as 0.5mm thin
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14
Q

Why are plate designs only recommended in the mandibular arch when no space is available for the bar?

A
  • As it may cover gingival margins
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15
Q

To maintain rigidity of a plate what may it need to be in the cross section?

A

Thicker (this is depending on the coverage and shape of the mucosa areas)

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16
Q

As a general rule what do you need in a connector if you have less tooth support?

A

-Need greater mucosal coverage

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17
Q

What is the advantage of using a bar connector?

A
  • There is less mucosal coverage
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18
Q

Why must a bar connector be made suitably thick in cross section?

A
  • To maintain rigidity e.g. lingual bar should be at least 2mm thick
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19
Q

What type of connector is a common choice for a Craddock class 1?

A
  • A bar connector
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20
Q

Why is a bar connector a default choice for the mandi bular arch?

A
  • Because there is less space in the mandibular arch
21
Q

What is the problem with a sublingual bar?

A
  • Have to have recorded the functional floor of the mouth - if not recorded correctly it will be very uncomfortable for the patient
  • Tends not to be regularly used as it is hard to get the impression accurate
22
Q

What are the options for mandibular connectors? (5 points)

A
  • Lingual bar
  • Lingual plate
  • Dental bar
  • Sublingual bar
  • Labial bar
23
Q

When is the only time a labial bar would be used?

A
  • When lower anterior teeth are lingually inclined therefore preventing the use of a lingual bar
24
Q

Why are mucosa borne lower dentures not generally recommended?

A
  • Due to the lack of mucosal support (coverage)
25
Q

There is less space in the lower arch so the default choice of connector is a bar. Hoe far below the gingival margin on the lingual side does the bar need to be positioned?

A
  • At least 3mm
26
Q

What is the default type of connector for the mandibular denture?

A
  • A lingual bar
27
Q

The default type of mandibular connector is a lingual bar. Since the height of the bar is 4mm how much space is required?

A
  • Approx. 8mm (3mm from gingival margin, 4mm height of bar and 1mm clearance to the functional floor)
28
Q

What is another name for an anterior and posterior bar?

A
  • A ‘ring’
29
Q

IS the ring design connector a rigid design?

A
  • Yes, exceptionally rigid

- Will withstand a drop very easily

30
Q

What 3 theoretical principles does the anterior and posterior ‘ring’ bar adhere to for a connector?

A
  • Little coverage of gingival tissue
  • A rigid connector
  • Wide relief of gingival margins to prevent food impaction
31
Q

What are the downsides of using an anterior and posterior bar connector? (3 points)

A
  • The posterior bar offers less support to the free end saddle across the hard palate (narrow coverage)
  • There are a number of edges that some patients may find uncomfortable
  • Greater cross-sectional thickness
32
Q

What are the advantages of a plate design? (5 points)

A
  • A rigid connector
  • Wide relief of gingival margins to prevent food impaction
  • Support across the palate for a free end saddle
  • Less edges that the patient might find uncomfortable
  • Thinner cross-section
33
Q

What is a disadvantage of using a plate as a connector?

A
  • The mucosal tissue is covered - no natural sensation
34
Q

The extension of a major connector can assist stability. How can it do this?

A
  • By resisting functional forces in a horizontal direction

- They can also provide indirect retention

35
Q

How can major connectors provide indirect retention?

A
  • By resisting movement about the axis of rotation
36
Q

What is beading (food line)?

A
  • To stop the ingress of food underneath the plate

- Also gives a degree of rigidity to the plate

37
Q

Beading has to be placed all the way round the border of the cast. How far away should it stop from the gingival margin?

A
  • 3mm
38
Q

What is a ‘closed’ saddle design?

A
  • More contact
  • Greater retention
  • Guide planes,
  • Possible increased irritation to gingival tissues
39
Q

What is an ‘open’ saddle design?

A

e.g. an every design has no gingival coverage, greater clearance and possible reduced irritation to gingival tissues

40
Q

What is used to retain the acrylic flange and teeth to a metal denture with a saddle?

A
  • Mechanical retention
41
Q

What is required on an edentulous area of a denture with a saddle to check the fit and ensure the denture does not rotate?

A
  • A stop
42
Q

When vertical space is restricted the metal plate of a denture with a saddle area can contact the mucosa. However, this design cannot be relined precisely. Why is this?

A
  • Due to the placement of internal finishing lines (particularly in the upper denture)
43
Q

What are the general dimensions for rests?

A
  • Thickness = 0.5mm minimum

- 1mm at junction with minor connector

44
Q

What are the general dimensions for lingual bars?

A
  • Height = 4mm
  • Thickness = 2mm
  • Oval or half pear shape
45
Q

What are the general dimensions for Sub-lingual bars?

A
  • Thickness = 4mm (‘kidney shaped’)
46
Q

What are the general dimensions for maxillary connectors?

A
  • 5mm clearance from the gingival margin
  • Bead (pin dam/food line) 0.5mm deep to 1mm wide
  • Bars: width 6mm, thickness 1.5mm
  • Plates: thickness o.4mm minimum
47
Q

What are the general dimensions for minor connectors?

A
  • Width = 2mm

- Thickness = 1.5mm

48
Q

What are the general dimensions for cast clasps?

A
  • Length 15mm to engage 0.25mm

BDS2 RPD (13 decks)

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