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Hist 202 > Royal finances under William II and Henry I > Flashcards

Royal finances under William II and Henry I Flashcards

1
Q

What are the key debates?

A

Were they as novel as previously thought?
Were they building on the Anglo-Saxon systems
Impact on subjects
What purposes?

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2
Q

Examples of Norman innovation

A

Pipe Roll and Domesday Book

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3
Q

Style of Norman kings

A

Flamboyant, large court travelled with them
Orderic- 3 components of court

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4
Q

Who accounted the 3 components of court?

A

Orderic, Ecclesiastical history

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5
Q

Festive circuit

A

Main festivals of year- King would wear crown
William of Malmesbury

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6
Q

Who spoke about the festive circuit

A

William of Malmesbury

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7
Q

William II grandeur

A

Constructed a great hall at Westminster, ‘not sparing any expense’ (William of Malmesbury)

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8
Q

William II’s parties

A

Known for their magnificence and consumption
Refusal to attend seen as rebellion

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9
Q

Henry I’s reforms of 1108

A

Legislated against his court ravaging the countryside ‘remedying this evil’ (Eadmer)

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10
Q

Hostage taking

A

Both from enemies and kings own magnates- standard practise

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11
Q

Why did the regime want to raise money?

A

To hold on to or control duchy of Normandy and county of Maine

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12
Q

Taxes

A

Sources such as the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and John of Worcester’s Chronicle of Chronicles are full of complaints about incessant taxing

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13
Q

William II’s financial advisor

A

Ranulf Flambard

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14
Q

Ranulf Flambard quotatation

A

‘cunning deception’, ‘cruelly oppressed’ (Orderic Vitalis Ecc Hist)

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15
Q

Flambard’s revisions to the Danegeld

A

Recalculated the number of hides
Tenuous- not much evidence

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16
Q

Flambard’s exploitation of vacancies

A

Prolonged ecclesiastical vacancies so that the king could take revenues

17
Q

Henry’s attitude to money extraction

A

Promised to give up many in coronation 1100

18
Q

Was the abuse of vacancies new?

A

Orderic claims that it did not exist before Ranulf Flambard
However there is some evidence that King Cnut also exploited these

19
Q

How innovative in conclusion?

A

Not AS innovative as is given credit for, but approach to vacancies was new

20
Q

Reasons Henry I wanted to raise money

A

Conquest and defence of Normandy
Ensnare leading men into debt

21
Q

Land tenure before and after conquest

A

Freedoms of land tenure Anglo Saxon were erased- reassert principle that all land belonged to the king

22
Q

Two events that reasserted hold over land tenure

A

Oath taking at Salisbury
Domesday survey

23
Q

Domesday survey

A

Idea that all tenure is derived from the king

24
Q

Sale of marriages

A

Flambard exploited money from marriages of daughters and widows

25
Q

Henry I on elite marriages

A

Promised to relax control of elite marriages

26
Q

Abuses that Henry renounced

A

Elite marriages restriction
Unlimited fines for diverse crimes

27
Q

Henry’s promise to renounce ‘evil customs’

A

Broken in less than 10 years of coronation- eg earned a lot of money from vacancy from the Archbishopric of Canterbury after Anselm’s death

28
Q

Justice under Henry I

A

By the end of his reign, had reverted to Norman policy of fines > capital punishment

29
Q

Who criticises Henry’s approach to law and order?

A

William of Malmesbury

30
Q

Effects of debt

A

Almost all leading magnates ended up with huge debts to the crown that could not be paid off

31
Q

Was the system of collecting money through debt new?

A

Many Norman aristocrats had already incurred huge debts to the crown

32
Q

System created for debt

A

The Exchequer

33
Q

Effect of system?

A

Drove the economy to near collapse in mid 1120s
‘most expensive of all in our time’ (H of H)

34
Q

External causes of the crisis

A

Most likely inability of wool and clothing exports to bring in enough silver from abroad

35
Q

Main priorities of Norman regime

A

Ensuring loyalty of lords
Raising money to secure and retain kingdom (esp Normandy)
Fund lifestyle of court

36
Q

Ways Norman kings raised money

A

Justice
Debt
Marriages
Land
Church

Hist 202 (3 decks)

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