Reforming the English church

Question 1

Church under West Saxon and Danish Kings

Answer 1

Little separation between church and state
Papacy’s influence limited

Question 2

Anglo Saxon background

Answer 2

Obsessed with moral condition
Much concern with enforcing Christian law and reforming church- conduct of clergy- aversion of God’s wrath

Question 3

Cnut’s Oxford Law code

Answer 3

Honour one god
Just laws
Consolidate royal authority
Danish church reform

Question 4

Reform movements concerns

Answer 4

Eradicating secular lordship
Gregory VII

Question 5

William I and the papacy

Answer 5

Had to manage the church in a way that would ensure it still supported the regime

Question 6

How did the papacy show its support for William I’s regime?

Answer 6

Helping of removal of Archbishop Stigand

Question 7

When was Lanfranc appointed Archbishop of Canterbury?

Answer 7

1070

Question 8

Why was Lanfranc chosen as Archbishop of Canterbury?

Answer 8

Papal approval
Could be trusted to manage the English church that would limit the papal reform movement and preserve king’s authority

Question 9

William I moves

Answer 9

Lanfranc as Archbishop of C
Established separate system of ecclesiastical courts

Question 10

Separate system of ecclesiastical courts

Answer 10

Allowed bishops to establish their own courts, two systems of justice

Question 11

What can England can be defined as under West Saxon and Danish kings

Answer 11

A theocracy

Question 12

Lanfranc’s policies

Answer 12

Pursuit of the ‘primacy’
Plan to create a pan-Brittanic patriarchate

Question 13

Problems w Lanfranc’s plans

Answer 13

Papacy opposed- extra layers of jurisdiction would reduce the amount of business coming into its court
The canons of St Peters cathedral York saw it as a challenge to their own status

Question 14

Aspects of Lanfranc’s reform programme

Answer 14

Some trivial things eg changing dates of certain feasts

Question 15

Lanfranc’s monastic reforms

Answer 15

Suppression of masturbation, sodomy and unnatural relations- indicated English church was in a moral crisis

Question 16

Lanfranc’s actions (3)

Answer 16

Reform programme
Monastic reforms
Relocation of sees

Question 17

Relocation of sees

Answer 17

eg Bishop Peter moved his see from Lichfield to Chester

Question 18

Point of Lanfranc’s reforms

Answer 18

Demonstrated that the church needed it
Papal reformers could be reassured

Question 19

Winning acceptance for the conquest

Answer 19

Wanted to make the Normans look moral
Reforms helped to legitimise the conquest

Question 20

New Norman churches

Answer 20

Built very fast
Often viewed as one of the Norman eras biggest achievements, but did destroy all pre-Norman churches

Question 21

Why rebuild churches?

Answer 21

Legitimacy of the Norman regime
Worthiness of Abbotts and bishops who had taken over
Earlier churches were a symbol of Gods approval for the Anglo-Saxons church and its incumbents

Question 22

Lanfranc’s success?

Answer 22

Largely successful ion averting papal disapproval and legitimising the conquest
Gregory VII’s incompetence helped

Question 23

William II and the church

Answer 23

Increased financial exploitation of church as he wanted to conquer Normandy
This was ok because papal reform movement flopping

Question 24

Election of Anselm

Answer 24

Far less willing than Lanfranc to ignore excesses of the king
Receptive to the ideas of the papacy
Fell out with king- exile

Question 25

Henry I and Anselm

Answer 25

Henry wanted Anselm to legitimise his coup but they fell out
Anselm belived in the evils of investiture and ecclesiastical homage- refused to do homage to the new king and to consecrate the bishops that Henry had appointed (Eadmer)
Eventually Anselm enacted a few canons attending to Henry’s anxieties

Question 26

Who accounted that Anselm refused to do homage to Henry I and consecrate his bishops?

Answer 26

Eadmer

Question 27

Anselm’s reform programme

Answer 27

For the most part, used canons to promote the ideals cherished by the papal reform movement, eg condemned simony, chastity etc

Question 28

Henry I and the enforcement of clerical celibacy

Answer 28

Could have been a ruse to raise more money for Henry to secure Normandy
However also a political manoeuvre to prevent full implementation of the canons

Question 29

Anselm’s successors

Answer 29

Ralph d’Escures and William de Corbeil more compliant but also less effective when it came to defending the kings interests against the papacy

Question 30

Who accounted the Norman building programme and their destruction of pre-conquest churches?

Answer 30

Eric C Fernie

Question 31

Who spoke about issues of William w papacy because he sought papal approval for the conquest?

Answer 31

William of Jumiges

Question 32

Monastic reform under the Anglo-Saxons

Answer 32

Believed in the evils of secular lordship
Reforms relied on royal authority

Question 33

Why were the Norman rulers unable to recieve the same support from the papacy as their predecessors?

Answer 33

Papal revolution occured
Rise of Gregory VII- eradication of secular and royal lordship over the church

Question 34

What was the primacy?

Answer 34

The belief that the Archbishop of Canterbury should have spiritual jurisdiction over all bishoprics