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N+ > Routing > Flashcards

Routing Flashcards

1
Q

Split Horizon

A

Prevents a route learned on one interface from being advertised back out of that same interface (router)

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2
Q

Poison Reverse

A

Causes a route received on one interface to be advertised back out of that same interface with a metric considered to be infinite

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3
Q

Distance Vector routing

A

Sends full copy of routing table to its directly-connected neighbors at regular intervals

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4
Q

Convergence

A

Time it takes for routers to update their routing tables in response to a topology change

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5
Q

Hold-down Timer

A

Prevents updates for a specific period of time and speeds up convergence (routing)

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6
Q

Link State routing

A

Requires all routers to know about the paths that all other routers can reach in the network

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7
Q

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

A

-Distance vector
-Interior
-Uses hop count (maximum hops of 15; 16 is infinite)
-Easy to configure
-updates every 30 seconds

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8
Q

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)

A

-Link state protocol
-Interior
-Uses cost(link speed)

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9
Q

Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS)

A

-Link state protocol
-Interior
-Uses cost (link speed)
-Functions like OSPF protocol, but not as popular.

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10
Q

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

A

-Distance vector protocol
Sole Exterior
-Uses the number of autonomous system hops instead of router hops
*Only exterior protocol on exam

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11
Q

Route Believability

A

If a route has a lower administrative distance (AD), the route is more believable

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12
Q

Relevant routing info source in order of Believability

A
  1. Direct
  2. Static
  3. EIGRP
  4. OSPF
  5. RIP
  6. External EIGRP
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13
Q

Directly connected route

A

Learned by physical connection between routers

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14
Q

Static Route

A

Route configured by sys admin

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15
Q

Explain First-Hop Redundancy

A

Uses Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) to create virtual IP and MAC addresses to provide active and standby routers.

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16
Q

Name 4 First-Hop Redundancy protocols

A

Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)
Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP)
Common Address Redundancy Protocol (CARP)

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17
Q

Default Route

A

Route that takes effect when no other route is available for an IP destination address

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18
Q

Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)

A
  • Cisco’s proprietary first-hop redundancy protocol which
  • An active and a standby router used together
  • Establish a fault-tolerant default gateway
  • Presents as a asingle router
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19
Q

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)

A
  • IETF’s open standard variant of HSRP
  • Allows for an active router and multiple standby routers
  • Open standard
  • Simple and automatic election scheme
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20
Q

Multi Router Traffic Grapher (MRTG)

A
  • Creates graphs showing traffic flows through the network interfaces of routers and switches
  • Using SNMP
21
Q

Start Configuration

A

Stored in NVRAM and contains the commands needed to initially configure a router

22
Q

Running Configuration

A

Actively being used by the router at that moment

23
Q

Asymmetrical Routing

A

Packet leavs via on path and return via a different path causing issues with dropped packet flows

24
Q

Missing Routes

A

When a router cannot reach a destination because there is a missing route in the routing table

Normally fixed by configuring Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

25
Q

Switching/Bridge Loop

A

Occurs whenever there is more than one path between the source and destination devices

Normally fixed by configuring Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

26
Q

Routing Loop

A

Formed when an error occurs in the operation of the routing algorithm and creates a circular route amongst a group of network devices

27
Q

Route Poisoning

A

Increasing a router’s metric to an infinitely high number after detecting on of its connected routes has failed

28
Q

Hold-Down Timer

A

Prevents bad routes from being restored and passed to other routers by accident

29
Q

Protocol Independent Multicast Dense Mode (PIM-DM)

A
  • Uses periodic flood and prune behavior to form optimal distribution tree
  • Negative performance impact
30
Q

Protocol Independent Multicast Sparse Mode (PIM-SM)

A
  • Uses a shared distribution tree initially
  • Over time creates an optimal distribution tree through shortest path tree (SPT) switchover
31
Q

Explain Spanning Tree Protocol

A

Permits redundant links between switches and prevents looping of network traffic

32
Q

Shortes Path Bridging (SPB)

A

Used instead of STP for larger network environments.

33
Q

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)

A

-Advanced distance vector (Hybrid)
-Interior
-Uses bandwidth and delay
-Cisco only

34
Q

Router loopback is only on during diagnostic mode

A
35
Q

IP Helper

A
  • Enable a single DHCP server to provide IPs to every PC on the network, regardless of whether they are on the same broadcast domain or not.
  • Configured on a routed interface such as a VLAN or routers Ethernet interface &
  • Adding an IP Helper address to the new interface on the router will allow the DHCP broadcast requests to be forwarded to the workstations
36
Q

Asymmetric Routing

A
  • Network packets leave via one path and return via a different path
  • Cause issues with dropped packet flows by security devices like firewalls and UTM
37
Q

ASN (Autonomous System Number)

A
  • Used to control routing with BGP
  • Control routing within their networks
  • Exchange routing information with other ISPs.
  • There are 2-byte and 4-byte variants
38
Q

Autonomous System (AS)

A
  • A group of one or more IP prefixes (lists of IP addresses accessible on a network) run by one or more network operators that maintain a single, clearly defined routing policy.
  • Generally a different network
39
Q

Broadcast Storm

A

Result of an excessive amount of broadcast or multicast traffic on a computer network

40
Q

Discovery Protocol

A
  • Gather detailed information (IP, system version, and device information) from supporting devices directly.
  • Simple network management protocol (SNMP)
  • Link layer discovery protocol (LLDP)
  • ping.
41
Q

List Distance Vector Protocols

A
  • RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
  • BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
  • EIGRP (Enhanced Interiror Gateway Routing Protocol)
42
Q

List Link State Protocols

A
  • Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
  • Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS)
43
Q

Routing Redundancy Protocl

A

Prevents disruptions in communication by automatically rerouting data traffic in cas of a path or device failure.

44
Q

FHRP (First Hop Redundancy Protocol)

A

Provide automatic failover to a backup router to maintain uninterrupted network service

45
Q

Subinterface

A
  • Allows a single physical interface on a router or switch to be subdivided into multip logical interfaces
  • Cost-efficient
  • Conduct traffic management
46
Q

GLBP (Gateway Load Balancing Protocol)

A
  • Cisco Developed
  • Adds load balanacing
  • All routers active simultaneously
  • Establish a fault-tolerant default gateway
  • Presents as a asingle router
47
Q

PIM (Protocol Independant Multicast)

A

Routes multicast traffic between routers and forms a multicast distribution tree

48
Q

GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation)

A
  • Tunneling protocol
  • Encaspulates a wide variety of L3 protocols
  • Virtural point to point links over an Internet Protocol network
  • Useful when connection similar network topologies over a different intermediate network

N+ (22 decks)

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