Routes Of Administration. Flashcards
Factors to consider when selecting how we will administer a drug to a patient:
Patient factors
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Condition factors
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Medicine factors
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Enteral (oral)
- Most common
- enteric coated - stable in acidic conditions but breaks down in alkaline,pass through acidic environment in stomach to higher ph in small intestine
- buccal - not swallowred but placed in buccal cavity of mouth, there is a good blood supply so faster onset of action
- sublingual-placed under tongue &, “same
- chewable tablets -as it sounds
- effervescent tablets - formulated with carbonate & a weak acid, when with water it produces carbon dioxide
Capsules
- soft gelatin - soft gelatin outer layer and often liquid filled, not suitable for vegetarians
- Hard gelatin-two halves that fit together often containing powder or granules “same
- can be modified release but more expensive and means prolonged so once a day
Powders
- can be mixed with bulking agent
Liquids:
Syrup-solution of drug with flawswrings & sweetness
Linctus-a viscous syrup usually taken for coughs or colds
Emulsion-oral emulsions usually consist of very fine droplets of oil stablised with an emulsifying agent in water which often contain flavourings.
Suspensions - contain fine particles of insoluble solids suspended in an aqueous vehicle which may contain colourings and flavourings
Parenteral
Injected directly into the body
Advantage because: - if patient uncooperative -Unconscious -Sickness& vomiting Drugs That are poorly absorbed
Disadvantages:
- Trained personnel
- Painful
- Drug effects difficult to reverse
- Incovieriet when frequent dosing
- Risk of infection
Rectal
Solid formulations= suppository
Liquid formulations= enemas
Either
Waxy-designed to melt at body temp
Glycerogelation - designed to disperse in rectal secretions
Topical
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Transdermal
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Ophthalmic
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Inhalation
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Nasal
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