Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology. 1. Routes of Administration. > Routes of Administration. > Flashcards

Routes of Administration. Flashcards

1
Q

What is local administration?

A

Where drugs are administered into a particular area of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are 5 common routes of administration?

A

Epidural.

Intra-articular.

Intra-uterine.

Regional perfusion.

Subconjunctivital.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the main advantage of local administration?

A

The drug stays in the area that it was administered into.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a common condition that is treated with locally administered drugs?

A

Joint infections.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why can we inject high concentrations of drugs via local administration?

A

As the drug is not distributed around the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why is it a huge advantage to inject drugs locally?

A

As almost all of the drug will go to the site where it is required.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Do locally administered drugs tend to have many adverse effects?

A

They tend to have very few adverse effects on the animal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

If we administer a drug intravenously, where in the body will it be distributed to?

A

All over the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can we get intravenous drugs to be administered locally?

A

If we use a tourniquet and then inject drugs distally to the tourniquet they will only have local effects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is enteral administration?

A

When a drug is either administered orally or rectally.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What effects will enterally administered drugs have?

A

They can have either local or systemic effects depending on how much of the drug is absorbed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens to enterally administered drugs that have minimal absorption?

A

They will remain in the lumen of the intestine and this means they are local drugs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What property must enterally administered drugs have if they are to have systemic effects?

A

They must be easily absorbed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What dictates whether a drug will be absorbed from the gut into the blood?

A

Drugs in high concentration will be absorbed from the gut into the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What 5 things dictate the oral bioavailability of the drug?

A

pKa of the drug.

pH at the site of absorption.

Surface area.

If the drug should be given with a meal or after a meal.

The disease e.g. constipation or diarrhoea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the standard route of drug administration in veterinary medicine?

A

Enteral administration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What helps enterally administered basic drugs to resist the low pH found in the stomach?

A

They are coated with a special substance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are 4 enterally administered drugs that can affect the GI tract?

A

Antacids.

Anti diarrhoica.

Antibiotics.

Antiparasitics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How are drugs administered topically?

A

They are placed on the skin and then absorbed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What kind of infections are topically administered drugs used for?

A

Skin infections.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Will topically administered drugs be absorbed into the blood?

A

Yes, some of the drug will be absorbed into the blood.

22
Q

What must we try to avoid when administering topical drugs?

A

The first pass effect.

23
Q

What dictates the absorption and penetration of a topically administered drug?

A

The lipid/water partition co-efficients.

24
Q

How does the lipid/water partition co-efficient dictate the absorption and penetration of a topically administered drug?

A

As the drug must dissolve in the fatty layer of the skin to be absorbed.

If the drug does not dissolve in the fatty layer then it might not be absorbed.

25
Q

What will heavily influence the absorption and perfusion of a drug?

A

The autonomic nervous system.

E.g. If the body is cold the blood vessels will contract and less blood will be close to the skin and less drug will be absorbed.

26
Q

Subcutaneous administration is similar to what other form of administration?

A

Intramuscular administration.

27
Q

How is subcutaneous administration carried out?

A

By injecting the drug under the skin.

28
Q

Why is intramuscular administration considered to be a better form of administration than subcutaneous?

A

As muscles have a better blood supply.

29
Q

What heavily influence the absorption and distribution of a subcutaneously administered drug?

A

The autonomic nervous system.

30
Q

How does the autonomic nervous system influence the absorption and distribution of a subcutaneously administered drug?

A

As tissue perfusion changes depending on the state that the body is in.

E.g. If the animal is cold then tissue perfusion will be limited meaning there is less blood to absorb and distribute the drug.

31
Q

Subcutaneous administration is a good method of administration for what kind of drugs?

A

Drugs that need to be administered slowly.

32
Q

Are we able to give subcutaneous drugs in large or small amounts?

A

We can also give large amounts of a drug that is administered subcutaneously.

33
Q

How will we give drugs that cannot be administered orally?

A

Via subcutaneous means.

34
Q

Can we administer a large amount of drugs via intramuscular administration?

A

Yes.

35
Q

What dictates the amount of drugs that are absorbed if they are administered by intramuscular administration?

A

The muscles that we use for intramuscular administration.

36
Q

What kind of muscles are better for intramuscular administration?

A

Muscles that are used a lot tend to be much better perfused than muscles that are not used often.

37
Q

What are the best muscles to use for intramuscular administration?

A

Muscles that are used often as there will be more absorption.

38
Q

Why is there volume restriction associated with intramuscular injections?

A

As the fluid that is being injected must find space between the muscle fibres.

39
Q

Why is intramuscular administration often quite painful?

A

As when the drug is injected into the muscle it pushes fibres apart.

40
Q

What is a common adverse effect that is associated with intramuscular administration?

A

Abscess’.

41
Q

Does intramuscular administration have good bioavailability?

A

Yes.

42
Q

What kind of drugs can be inhaled?

A

Drugs that are made up of very small particles.

43
Q

What is the route of absorption for drugs that have been inhaled?

A

The small particles travel to the lungs where they can enter circulation.

44
Q

Will inhaled drugs have local or systemic effects?

A

Local effects.

45
Q

Do inhaled drugs have a large surface area?

A

Yes.

46
Q

How are intraperitoneal drugs administered?

A

By injecting the drug into the abdominal cavity.

47
Q

What kind of absorption will drugs that have been administered via intraperitoneal administration?

A

Very rapid absorption.

48
Q

Intraperitoneal administration is often carried out in what kind of animals?

A

In small animals.

49
Q

What is intra osseus/intra-venous administration?

A

Intra osseus injections are characterised by something that is injected into the bone.

Intra-venous injections are characterised by injecting into a vein.

50
Q

What is intra-arterial administration?

A

Injecting a drug into an artery.

51
Q

When is intra-arterial administration carried out?

A

In an emergency.

Pharmacology. 1. Routes of Administration. (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions