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Pharmacology. 1. Routes of Administration. > Pharmacokinetics. > Flashcards

Pharmacokinetics. Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main areas of pharmacokinetics?

A

Absorption of the drug.

Distribution of the drug.

Metabolism of the drug.

Elimination of the drug.

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2
Q

What occurs during the absorption phase of pharmacokinetics?

A

The drug entering the bloodstream after it has been administered.

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3
Q

Where will the absorption phase of pharmacokinetics occur?

A

It depends on where the drug was administered.

E.g. The drug could be absorbed in the GI tract if the drug was orally administered.

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4
Q

What happens once the drug has been absorbed into the blood?

A

It travels around the body to various targets.

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5
Q

What is the distribution phase of pharmacokinetics?

A

When the drug is distributed to effector sites by the bloodstream.

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6
Q

When will the distribution phase of pharmacokinetics occur?

A

After the drug has been absorbed into systemic circulation.

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7
Q

What determines what tissues will pick up the drug from the blood stream?

A

The distribution characteristics of the drug.

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8
Q

A drug will only be able to effect what tissues of the body?

A

Tissues that are capable of metabolising it.

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9
Q

What happens to the metabolites once a drug has been metabolised by body tissues?

A

They end up back in circulation where they travel to the kidneys to be excreted.

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10
Q

What is the metabolism phase of pharmacokinetics?

A

Where body tissues break down the drug.

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11
Q

What is the excretion phase of pharmacokinetics?

A

Where the metabolites from the drug are excreted from the body.

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12
Q

Will all animals have the same metabolism?

A

No, different animals have different metabolisms.

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13
Q

Why do we need to be very careful about how much of a drug we give to an animal?

A

Because different species/breeds have different metabolisms.

E.g. If a Jack Russell has the same condition as a Great Dane then we can’t give the it the same amount of drug as the Great Dane as it will be toxic.

Likewise we cannot give the Great Dane the same medication as the Jack Russell because it will have no effect.

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14
Q

Will some drugs work very well in one species, but not in another?

A

Yes.

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15
Q

What determines the efficacy of a drug?

A

The interaction with a biological target.

E.g. a receptor or an enzyme.

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16
Q

What can pharmacodynamics be thought of as?

A

As the interactions between the drug and the target site.

17
Q

What determines how the drug travels to its target site?

A

The pharmacokinetics of the drug.

18
Q

Will the route of administration of a drug determine the pharmacokinetics or the pharmacodynamics?

A

It will determine both.

19
Q

What happens to the drug after it has been administered?

A

It is absorbed into the blood.

20
Q

What kind of drugs will be easily absorbed?

A

Drugs with large absorptive properties.

21
Q

How is the effectiveness of a drug determined by the amount of drug that is absorbed into the blood?

A

The more drug that is absorbed then the greater the effect will be on the biological targets.

22
Q

What happens once drugs reach their target site?

A

They interact with various receptors etc on the target to stimulate an effect.

23
Q

What happens to the drug after it has interacted with the target site?

A

It will be excreted.

24
Q

What determines how much of a drug is absorbed from the site of administration?

A

The bioavailability of the drug.

25
Q

What determines how much of a drug travels to its biological target?

A

The bioavailability of the drug.

26
Q

How do drug companies formulate the dosage of drugs?

A

So that there will be a certain bioavailability of the drug.

27
Q

What determines how much of a drug is absorbed and how much of an effect it has on the target?

A

The bioavailability of the drug.

Pharmacology. 1. Routes of Administration. (4 decks)

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