routes of administration

Question 1

systemic drug administration

Answer 1

the drug travels from site of administration to site of activity potentially exposing all body tissue to drug

Question 2

site specific administration

Answer 2

delivery of drug to tissue in need , or targets specific sites

Question 3

intravenous

Answer 3

veins
injection
within 60 seconds

Question 4

intramuscular

Answer 4

muscle
injection
15 - 30 mins

Question 5

sub - cutaneous

Answer 5

skin
injection or implant
15-30 mins

Question 6

oral

Answer 6

swallow
liquid, tablet
30 -60 mins

Question 7

rectal

Answer 7

placed in the rectal cavity
suppository, ointment, foam and cream
30 - 60 mins

Question 8

sublingual

Answer 8

under the tongue
aerosol, tablet
1-2 mins

Question 9

buccal

Answer 9

between the tongue and cheek
tablet. losenger, gum
2 - 3 mins

Question 10

pulmonary

Answer 10

lungs
metered dose inhaler
within 5 mins

Question 11

nasal

Answer 11

applied to the anterior turbinate area
aerosols, sprays , ointments , gel , vapours
within 10 mins

Question 12

cutaneous/ transdermal

Answer 12

applied to the surface of the skin
creams, patch, gel
1 - 4 hrs

Question 13

vaginal/ intrauterine

Answer 13

placed in the vagina cavity
rings, gel, cream, suppository’s pessaries
very slow

Question 14

oral delivery

Answer 14

often safest, simplest and most convenient form
example of dosage form - granules, capsules, tablets and liquids

Question 15

disadvantages of oral delivery

Answer 15

slow onset
nausea and vomiting from local delivery
drug destroyed by enzymes and excretion of GI tract
irregular absorption

Question 16

regional and systemic oral cavity delivery

Answer 16

regional -
drugs applied to entire muscosa , periodontal delivery

systemic -
sublingual and buccal

Question 17

adavantages of oral cavity

Answer 17

readily accessible
fast absorption
low metabolism

Question 18

disadvantage of oral cavity

Answer 18

retention can be a problem
compliance
low permeability

Question 19

rectal delivery

Answer 19

last 12cm of GI tract
liquid enemas
semi solids , ointments and suppositories’
local/systemic action
immediate release
useful in emergencies / comfort care

Question 20

disadvantage of rectal delivery

Answer 20

slower absorption
low patient acceptability

Question 21

advantages of rectal delivery

Answer 21

avoid first pass metabolism
vomiting, convulsions, unconscious patients
avoid gi irritation

Question 22

enteral delivery

Answer 22

dosage forms delivered via
oral cavity
orally
rectal

Question 23

parental delivery

Answer 23

routes other than enteral usually refers to routes through which we inject

Question 24

when must a drug be injected

Answer 24

when the drug is sensitive to pre-systemic degradation poor absorption and requirement for rapid onset and controlled release

Question 25

advantages of injectables

Answer 25

direct access to circulation
rapid complete absorption
smaller dose size
avoid firt pass affect

Question 26

disadvantages of injectables

Answer 26

trained personnel needed
pain
excess drug cant be removed from circulation

Question 27

most common injectable’s

Answer 27

iv
im
sc

Question 28

iv

Answer 28

peripheral veins - short term / not irritating
large- main veins- long term hypotonic solutions