routes of administration Flashcards
systemic drug administration
the drug travels from site of administration to site of activity potentially exposing all body tissue to drug
site specific administration
delivery of drug to tissue in need , or targets specific sites
intravenous
veins
injection
within 60 seconds
intramuscular
muscle
injection
15 - 30 mins
sub - cutaneous
skin
injection or implant
15-30 mins
oral
swallow
liquid, tablet
30 -60 mins
rectal
placed in the rectal cavity
suppository, ointment, foam and cream
30 - 60 mins
sublingual
under the tongue
aerosol, tablet
1-2 mins
buccal
between the tongue and cheek
tablet. losenger, gum
2 - 3 mins
pulmonary
lungs
metered dose inhaler
within 5 mins
nasal
applied to the anterior turbinate area
aerosols, sprays , ointments , gel , vapours
within 10 mins
cutaneous/ transdermal
applied to the surface of the skin
creams, patch, gel
1 - 4 hrs
vaginal/ intrauterine
placed in the vagina cavity
rings, gel, cream, suppository’s pessaries
very slow
oral delivery
often safest, simplest and most convenient form
example of dosage form - granules, capsules, tablets and liquids
disadvantages of oral delivery
slow onset
nausea and vomiting from local delivery
drug destroyed by enzymes and excretion of GI tract
irregular absorption
regional and systemic oral cavity delivery
regional -
drugs applied to entire muscosa , periodontal delivery
systemic -
sublingual and buccal
adavantages of oral cavity
readily accessible
fast absorption
low metabolism
disadvantage of oral cavity
retention can be a problem
compliance
low permeability
rectal delivery
last 12cm of GI tract
liquid enemas
semi solids , ointments and suppositories’
local/systemic action
immediate release
useful in emergencies / comfort care
disadvantage of rectal delivery
slower absorption
low patient acceptability
advantages of rectal delivery
avoid first pass metabolism
vomiting, convulsions, unconscious patients
avoid gi irritation
enteral delivery
dosage forms delivered via
oral cavity
orally
rectal
parental delivery
routes other than enteral usually refers to routes through which we inject
when must a drug be injected
when the drug is sensitive to pre-systemic degradation poor absorption and requirement for rapid onset and controlled release
advantages of injectables
direct access to circulation
rapid complete absorption
smaller dose size
avoid firt pass affect
disadvantages of injectables
trained personnel needed
pain
excess drug cant be removed from circulation
most common injectable’s
iv
im
sc
iv
peripheral veins - short term / not irritating
large- main veins- long term hypotonic solutions
