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DONE! Rossetti's Poetry OCR 2022 > Rossetti: Context > Flashcards

Rossetti: Context Flashcards

1
Q

Why did Augusta Webster write to Rossetti in the late 1870’s?

A

To ask for her support in a campaign to give women the right to vote. Rossetti declined.

This means she is contradictory.

She said: “Does it not appear as if the Bible was based upon an understood unalterable distinction between men and women?”

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2
Q

What was the literacy status of women in Victorian times?

A

Many women could still not read, so worked in the home as either servants, mothers or housewives.

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3
Q

When were women over 30 able to vote?

A

1918

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4
Q

What does the bible and Rossetti have in common?

A

They both contradict eachother.

Rossetti: NTYJ vs. Augusta Webster rejection

Bible: ‘Wives, submit to your husbands as to the Lord’. Vs Eve

A symbol of Rossetti’s religious mania and coordination to God.

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5
Q

How did the contemporary society view Rossetti?

A

As a threat

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6
Q

Why did the contemporary society view Rossetti as a threat?

A

Societal gender roles at the time. If a woman did not fit the prescribed pattern of a girl-like, innocent angel- she was often viewed a dangerous threat.

Additionally, it was looked down upon for women to write about death, was viewed as a topic out of their reach.

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7
Q

Rossetti’s voluntary work

A

During 1860, she volunteered for the ‘fallen women’ at the St. Mary Magdalene House.

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8
Q

In what way was Rossetti’s assistance in redeeming these ‘fallen women’ justified (In a Religious Sense)

A

According to Christian principles of forgiveness, these women deserve the chance to be redeemed as Jesus emphasised this importance.

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9
Q

Rossetti’s religious change

A

Anglican to Trachtarian

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10
Q

Why was Rossetti drawn to Tractarianism?

A

Oxford Movement

Lost faith in the church/government’s involvement.

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11
Q

What was the Oxford Movement?

A

An influential group of people, seeking to revitalize the church, drawing attention to the importance of the Bible.

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12
Q

What was the Tractarianism view on the Church?

A

Wanted the CofE to be more like the Roman Catholic Church, felt like there were religious issues corrupting Victorian Society

Rossetti would have agreed with this, helping ‘fallen women’ who lost their virginity before marriage.

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13
Q

Define ‘Soul Sleep’

A

The body dies, the soul remains in a state of unconsciousness.

Waiting for Jesus to be resurrected

Death is one step closer to God, religious mania

‘Silent land’, ‘twilight’ (WIADMD)

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14
Q

Define Romanticism

A

Ability to express emotion

Promotion of emphasis of inspiration

Artistic, literacy, musical and intellectual movement

Originated in Europe towards the end of 18th century

Stressed strong emotion as a source of the aesthetic experience

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15
Q

Who were the Pre-Raphelites?

A

Collection of Victorian poets, artists, painters, illustrators and designers with similar beliefs about art.

Rossetti and her brother (Dante) involved

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16
Q

What did the Pre-Raphelites cherish about the art they created?

A

1.) ‘Art for Art Sake’ (LINK TO WILDE)

Art shouldn’t be influenced by politics, science or morality, but an expression of whatever is wished to be.

2.) Aestheticism

Championed pure beauty and ‘art for art’s sake’ emphasising the visual and sensual qualities of art and design over practical, moral or narrative considerations.

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17
Q

Define ‘Art for Art Sake’

A

Art shouldn’t be influenced by politics, science or morality, but an expression of whatever is wished to be.

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18
Q

Define ‘Aestheticism’

A

Championed pure beauty and ‘art for art’s sake’ emphasising the visual and sensual qualities of art and design over practical, moral or narrative considerations.

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19
Q

When was the Pre-Raphelites founded?

A

1848

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20
Q

What is a general term for the Pre-Raphelites?

A

A brotherhood

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21
Q

Name a founder of the Pre-Raphelites

A

Dante Gabriel Rossetti (Rossetti’s brother)

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22
Q

What was Rossetti’s relationship with the Pre-Raphelites?

A

She was never a formal member. Dante often referred to her as a ‘double sisterhood’.

She published poems on behalf of the group

More of an observer rather than a participant

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23
Q

What was the Victorian’s opinion on Aestheticism?

A

Was criticised by society

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24
Q

How does Rossetti relate to her characters?

A

A new woman, just like her characters.

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25
Rossetti's marriage status
Never married. Rejected multiple marriages for religious reasons for religious reasons: a poet for him being agnostic
26
Define agnostic
A person who believes that nothing is known or can be known of the existence or nature of God.
27
Define Fin de Siecle
End of the century Reacted against traditional ideas Male writers
28
How is her religious mania shown in the pattern of her poetry?
Each poem in general contradicts eachother which suggests her religious mania and contrasting views on religion and life (females).
29
What was the 'The Madwoman in the Attic', and what did it suggest?
In their 1979 feminist study of nineteenth century women's literature, The Madwoman in the Attic, Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gilbar recognise the factors that prevented a Victorian woman from standing on equal terms to their male contemporaries. They suggest that Rossetti is among the "singers of renunciation" of her time and argue that she willingly accepts the state of destitution into which she is cast. They emphasise how the culture of patriarchy curbed her passions and meant that she was not the powerful female role model that she had the potential to become.
30
What was 'Goblin Market' originally?
For the first hundred years after it was written, "Goblin Market" was read almost exclusively as a children's poem about the importance of sisterhood and sisterly heroism.
31
The contextual origin to 'No, Thankyou, John'
Said to be based on John Brett (Pre-Raphelite Painter) Based on real issue she had with this suitor - wrote in "Letters of Christina Rossetti" by William Michael.
32
What did John Brett do when Rossetti rejected him?
1858: stopped working on a portrait of her (Violet Hunt)
33
What was the name of the text to where it was suggested that 'No, Thankyou, John" was indeed based on John Brett? Name the text and the authtor
"Letters of Christina Rossetti" - William Michael
34
What was Rossetti's sister?
Catholic nun, differs from her own religious beliefs
35
How would Rossetti's sister's religious choice have effected Rossetti? And how would it have influenced her poetry?
Goes against her own Trachtarian beliefs... losing her sister just like Lizzie was losing her's... But, still sisters at the end of the day and it stays that way.
36
What was Katherine Tynan?
A 'lyric poet' who wrote close to the 'heart of nature'; a convention considered appropriate for women
37
What was the popular Victorian image of the ideal wife/woman?
An 'angel in the house' - she was expected to be devoted and submissive to her husband. The Angel was passive and powerless AND PURE
38
Where does the phrase 'Angel in the House' come from?
Coventry Patmore's immensely populat poem, in which he holds his angel-wife up as a model for all women. It was published in 1854 ROSSETTI OPPOSES THIS IDEA THROUGH BECOMING A NEW WOMAN HERSELF
39
What did Rossetti recognise?
The country's preoccupation with wealth, power and influence, and felt that this focus was a dangerous 'vanity', a word she uses repeatedly throughout her poetry
40
Who placed a similar emphasis on social reform?
Tractarian leaders, who drew attention to the importance of the Bible for the nineteenth-century Christian and tried to find ways of addressing the problems they felt were corrupting Victorian society
41
How was Rossetti involved in the Trachtarian movement?
In 1843, Rossetti began attending the newly established Christ Church, on Albany Street in London. This was an active high Anglican church and was considered the leading church of the Tractarian movement
42
What was one the earliest British women's organisations?
The Society for the Employment of Women (1859). It promoted the training and employment of women
43
What Act was passed in 1882 and what did it allow?
The Married Women's Property Act. It allowed married women to own and control property in their own right. Before this, married women couldn't keep their earnings and inherit property
44
What did 1858 see?
The foundation of Cheltenham Ladies' College. Other girls' public schools followed. This increase in female education led to renewed demands for the vote
45
What was founded in 1897?
The National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies, hotly denounced by the Queen, who from her position of unimaginable power saw no reason why women should want to vote at all
46
What is the term 'fallen woman' used to describe?
A woman who has 'lost her innocence', and fallen form the grace of God. Sex before marriage.
47
Where did Rossetti help the 'fallen women'? And when?
During the 1860s she worked as a volunteer in a home for women deemed as 'fallen' by Victorian society in Highgate (St Mary Magdalene Penitentiary) Working as an 'Associate Sister' at Highgate
48
When did Rossetti write 'Goblin Market'?
1859
49
Who were all of the founders of the 'Pre-Raphaelites'?
William Hunt John Millais DANTE ROSSETTI
50
What were the intentions of the 'Pre-Raphaelites'?
To reform art by rejecting what it considered the mechanistic approach Pre-Raphaelites believed that each picture should tell a story,
51
Occupations of the 'Pre-Raphaelites'
working concurrently in painting, illustration, and sometimes poetry.
52
When was Rossetti born?
5 December 1830
53
Rossetti's creative family
She came from a literary home - her father was a poet, and her siblings went on to become artists and writers. DANTE PART OF PR
54
Rossetti's early education
Rossetti was educated at home by her mother and father, who had her study religious works, classics, fairy tales and novels.
55
Rossetti's family struggles
In the 1840s, her family faced severe financial difficulties due to the deterioration of her father's physical and mental health. HER MOTHER WAS STRONG AND TOOK CARE OF EVERYONE
56
Rossetti's complete "marriage" history
1. In her late teens, Rossetti became engaged to the painter James Collinson, the first of three suitors. The engagement was broken in 1850 when he reverted to Catholicism. 2. Later she became involved with the linguist Charles Cayley, but declined to marry him, also for religious reasons (he was agnostic). 3. The third offer came from the painter John Brett, whom she also refused. ('No Thankyou John')?
57
When did depression hit Rossetti?
In 1849 she became seriously ill again, suffering from depression
58
Date of Playboy Goblin Market?
1973
59
Rossetti sought to highlight the social problems that needed addressing, by...
concentrating on the practical application of the biblical commandment to love thy neighbour
60
At what age did Rossetti experience her mental breakdown?
14
60
N/A
N/A
61
All of Rossetti's siblings + their occupations
Sister: Maria - became a nun in 1874 Brother: Dante Gabriel - was a Pre-Raphaelite poet, painter and illustrator William Michael - was a critic and editor
62
Who was Rossetti's father?
The Italian poet and political exile Gabriele Rossetti, immigrated to England in 1824
63
What race was Rossetti's mother?
Half-English, half-Italian Frances Polidori.
64
What did Frances (Rossetti's mother) read to her children?
She favoured religious texts such as the Bible
65
What was the theology of Tractarianism?
Tractarians preached about the 'reverse' or reversed discourse about religion where they followed the teachings of Matthew, which said that knowledge of religion should only be given to those 'armed with faith', so religious writing became coded. Rossetti's own poetry has code??
66
What happened in 1845 to Rossetti?
Christina suffered a collapse in health. She was diagnosed as having a heart condition but another doctor speculated that she was mentally ill, suffering from a kind of religious mania.
67
What happened in 1859? Opposing Rossetti's religious views.
Charles Darwin's 'On the Origin of Species' is published, arguing that all species evolved on the basis of natural selection. The book created an immediate stir, since Darwin's theory appeared to contradict the bible's creation story and call into question ideas of divine providence.
68
What was the 'St. Mary Magdalene Hospital' referred as?
"house of charity"
69
What happened in 1871 to Rossetti's health?
Christina was stricken by Graves' disease, a thyroid disorder that marred her appearance and left her life in danger. However, she continued to publish.
70
When did she die?
29 December 1894
71
How did the amount of Christian worshippers change during Rossetti's lifetime?
By 1851, 60% of the population attended Christian worship regularly ... and by 1901 this decreased to 30%.
72
N/A
N/A
73
What was Rossetti's involvement in the Crimean War?
Rossetti was 24 in 1854 and had been keen to help. She applied to join her Aunt Eliza as a nurse but was turned down due to her youth and inexperience.

DONE! Rossetti's Poetry OCR 2022 (10 decks)

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