Ross - C-spine Flashcards
C2/3 dermatome
back of head
C4 dermatome
cervical cape
C 6-8 dermatomes
hand nerves
T4/T5 dermatome
nipple line
T10 dermatome
umbilicus
__ root innervates the deltoids from the __ cord and __ nerve
C5
posterior
axillary
__ root innervates the biceps from __ cord
and __ nerve
C6
lateral
musculocutaneous
__ root innervates the triceps from __ cord
and __ nerve
C7
posterior
radial
__ root innervates the wrist and digit flexors from the __ cord
and the __ nerve
C8
lat/medial cord
median
__ root innervates the finger abductors from __ cord
and __ nerve
T1
lat/medial cord
median
what root control the quad/patellar reflex
L3/L4
what root controls the ankle plantarflex
S1 (L5-S2)
what trauma pt’s need full spinal immobilization w. c-collar and a backboard
midline tenderness of c-spine dec
decreased mental status or unable to communicate
patients who have c spine tenderness but are not altered and not no neurological deficits…and can communicate can
just be placed in a collar
patients who can just be placed in a collar can __
or __ for evaluation
sit
lie down
what is NEXUS criteria used for
to determine what c-spine pt’s need imaging
what is the criteria for clearing c-spine
pt’s who are:
alert to person, place, location
normal neuro exam
no midline tenderness
no distracting injuries
pt’s who do not pass NEXUS criteria need
c-spine stabilization
xray or CT
you stabilize the c-spine with
collar
OR
full spinal precaution: collar + backboard
PLUS
xray or CT
how do you clear the c-spine
open collar
palpate spinal process
if no pain → ask pt to move head left/right and up/down
roll the pt and palpate low back
do you help pt w. maneuvers needed to clear c-spine
no
a fx in one location is a __% risk for fx in another location
10
if a pt is drunk, can you remove the collar before imaging
no!
c-spine imaging involves __ views
3
what 3 views does c-spine imaging include
A/P
lateral
odontoid
what is an adequate c-spine film
base of skull to top of T1
what are the 4 imaging alignments
- anterior vertebral line
- posterior vertebral line
- spinolaminar line
- posterior process line
what are you evaluating on c-spine bone imaging
cortical lines around each vertebrae
C1 ring and odontoid bone
esp open mouth view
what are you evaluating on cartilage and ligament imaging
proper lordosis
for adults, what is a nl pre-dentase, retropharyngeal, and retro-tracheal space
pre-dentase: 3 mm or less
retropharyngeal: 6 mm
retro-tracheal 22 mm
retropharyngeal is measured at
C2
retro-tracheal space is measured at
C6
what are unstable fx
atlanto-occipital
jefferson
odontoid
hangmans
flexion teardrop
what is a jefferson fx
burst of C1 ring
what vertebrae does a hangman’s fx involve
C2
what are chance fractures
unstable lumbar spine fx
what typically causes chance fractures
mva
