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EOR"S > ROSH General surgery > Flashcards

ROSH General surgery Flashcards

1
Q
  • African-American woman
  • Labs will show hypercalcemia and elevated serum ACE
  • CXR will show bilateral hilar adenopathy
  • Biopsy will show noncaseating granulomas
A

Sarcoidosis

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2
Q
  • Patient will be older, usually male
  • With a history of HTN, Marfan syndrome
  • Complaining of sudden “ripping” or “tearing” CP radiating to back
A

Aortic Dissection

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3
Q

PE will show:

asymmetric pulses/BP

A

Aortic Dissection

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4
Q

CXR will show:

widened mediastinum

A

Aortic Dissection

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5
Q

Aortic Dissection

treatment:

A
  1. reduce BP/HR
  2. surgery (depending on dissection type)
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6
Q

complaining of:

  • headaches
  • diaphoresis
  • tremors
  • vision changes

PE will show:

  • hypertension
A

Pheochromocytoma

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7
Q

Diagnosis is made by:

  • Assay of urinary catecholamines and metanephrines
  • plasma metanephrine levels
A

Pheochromocytoma

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8
Q

MCC by:

catecholamine-secreting tumor located in the adrenal glands

A

Pheochromocytoma

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9
Q

Pheochromocytoma

Treatment:

A
  • Treatment is surgery
  • α-blocker (ie phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine) prior to β-blockade to prevent unopposed alpha agonism
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10
Q

PE will show:

  • Pitting Edema

Labs will show:

  • Proteinuria > 3.5 g/24 hr
  • Hyperlipidemia
  • Hypercoagulability (renal vein thrombosis)
  • Fatty casts
A

Nephrotic Syndrome

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11
Q

Normal ABG values

A

pH: 7.35 – 7.45

PaCO2: 35 – 45

HCO3: 22 – 26

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12
Q

pH: < 7.35

PaCO2: > 45

HCO3: Normal

A

Respiratory Acidosis

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13
Q

pH: > 7.45

PaCO2: < 35

HCO3: Normal

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

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14
Q

pH: < 7.35

PaCO2: Normal

HCO3: < 22

A

Metabolic Acidosis

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15
Q

pH: > 7.45

PaCO2: Normal

HCO3: > 26

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

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16
Q
  • generalized weakness
  • fatigue
  • facial swelling
  • constipation
  • cold intolerance
  • weight gain
A

Hypothyroidism

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17
Q

PE will show:

  • Periorbital Edema
  • Dry Skin
  • Coarse Brittle Hair
A

Hypothyroidism

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18
Q

Labs will show:

  • high TSH
  • low free T4
  • antithyroid peroxidase
  • antithyroglobulin autoantibodies
A

Hypothyroidism

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19
Q

Most commonly caused by Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

A

Hypothyroidism

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20
Q

Hypothyroidism

treatment:

A

Treatment is levothyroxine

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21
Q
  • History of prior abdominal/pelvic surgery
  • Complaining of bilious vomiting
  • PE will show high pitched bowel sounds
A

Small Bowel Obstruction

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22
Q

X-ray will show:

  • dilated bowel
  • air fluid levels
  • Stack of Coins or String of Pearls Sign
A

Small Bowel Obstruction

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23
Q

Small Bowel Obstruction

treatment:

A
  • NGT
  • surgery
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24
Q

Patient will be complaining of:

  • chronic nonbloody diarrhea
  • crampy abdominal pain
  • weight loss
A

Crohn Disease

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25
Q

PE will show:

  • aphthous ulcers
  • anal fissures
  • perirectal abscesses
  • anorectal fistulas
A

Crohn Disease

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26
Q

Labs will show:

  • ASCA positive
  • p-ANCA negative
A

Crohn Disease

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27
Q

Crohn Disease Diagnosis is made by

A

colonoscopy

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28
Q

Colonoscopy will show:

  • skip lesions
  • cobblestone mucosa
  • transmural inflammation
A

Crohn Disease

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29
Q
  • Patient will be 2–8 weeks of age
  • Complaining of nonbilious projectile vomiting after feeding and early satiety
A

Pyloric Stenosis

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30
Q

PE will show:

  • RUQ olive-like mass (hypertrophied pylorus)
A

Pyloric Stenosis

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31
Q
  • Labs will show hypochloremic hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
  • Diagnosis is made by ultrasound or UGI series (string sign)
A

Pyloric Stenosis

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32
Q

Pyloric Stenosis

Treatment:

A

surgery

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33
Q
  • Chest pain/pressure on exertion/stress that is relieved by rest
  • Consider non-cardiac causes
A

Angina

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34
Q

Angina treatment:

A
  • lifestyle modifications
  • beta blockers
  • calcium channel blockers
  • nitrates
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35
Q

Patient with a history of smoking, long-distance travel, surgery, oral contraceptives use

A

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

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36
Q
  • Complaining of unilateral leg edema, leg pain, tenderness, and warmth
  • Physical exam may show a positive Homans sign
A

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

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37
Q

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

diagnosis:

A

ultrasound; Gold standard is venography

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38
Q

Most commonly caused by stasis, hypercoagulable state, trauma (Virchow triad)

A

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

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39
Q

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Treatment is

A

anticoagulation

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40
Q

Patient will be an overweight (Fat),Fertile,Female in her Forties (4Fs)

A

Cholecystitis

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41
Q

Complaining of:

  • colicky
  • steadily increasing RUQ or epigastric pain after eating fatty foods
A

Cholecystitis

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42
Q

PE will show Murphy sign, Boas sign (hyperaesthesia (increased or altered sensitivity) below the right scapula)

A

Cholecystitis

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43
Q

Cholecystitis

diagnosis:

A
  • Initial - US
  • Gold standard - HIDA
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44
Q

Cholecystitis Most commonly caused by

A

obstruction by a gallstone

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45
Q

Cholecystitis

Treatment

A

cholecystectomy

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46
Q
  • Patient will be complaining of pain, redness, swelling
  • PE will show tenderness, erythema with poorly demarcated borders, lymphedema
  • Most commonly caused by group A Streptococcus, Streptococcus pyogenes, or Staph aureus
A

Cellulitis

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47
Q

Patient will be complaining of:

  • weakness
  • dizziness
  • fatigue

PE will show:

  • pallor
  • tachycardia
  • atrophic glossitis or koilonychia (spoon nails)
A

Iron Deficiency Anemia

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48
Q

Labs will show:

  • microcytic
  • hypochromic red blood cells
  • Decreased serum iron level
  • an increase in the total iron binding capacity (TIBC)
  • decreased serum ferritin levels
A

Iron Deficiency Anemia

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49
Q

Patient will be complaining of:

  • abrupt onset of “worst headache of their life” or
  • “thunderclap” headache
A

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

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50
Q

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Diagnosis:

A
  • Diagnosis is made by noncontrast CT scan. Blood will appear white in color on the CT
  • If CT negative, and suspicion high, lumbar puncture
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51
Q

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Most commonly caused by a________

A

ruptured aneurysm

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52
Q

Most common cause: GERD

A

Esophageal Stricture

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53
Q
  • Progressive dysphagia
  • Barium swallow (initial), endoscopy
  • Surgery, high-dose PPIs
A

Esophageal Stricture

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54
Q
  • Patient will be complaining of headaches, diaphoresis, tremors, and vision changes
  • PE will show hypertension
A

Pheochromocytoma

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55
Q
  • Diagnosis is made by assay of urinary catecholamines and metanephrines, and plasma metanephrine levels
  • Most commonly caused by catecholamine-secreting tumor located in the adrenal glands
A

Pheochromocytoma

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56
Q

Pheochromocytoma

treatment:

A
  • surgery
  • α-blocker (ie phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine) prior to β-blockade to prevent unopposed alpha agonism
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57
Q

Patient will be complaining of epigastric pain radiating to the back, nausea, and vomiting

A

Acute Pancreatitis

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58
Q
  • PE will show flank ecchymosis (Grey Turner sign), umbilical ecchymosis (Cullen sign)
  • Labs will show elevated lipase (best) and amylase
A

Acute Pancreatitis

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59
Q

Acute Pancreatitis

Etiology_:_

A

Most commonly caused by gallstones > alcohol

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60
Q

PE will show ↓ breath sounds + dull percussion + ↓ tactile fremitus

A

Pleural Effusion

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61
Q

CXR will show blunting of the costophrenic angle

A

Pleural Effusion

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62
Q
  • Patient will be a young, tall, thin, man
  • PE will show decreased breath sounds, decreased fremitus, hyperresonance to percussion
A

Spontaneous Pneumothorax

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63
Q

Spontaneous Pneumothorax

> 20%

A

chest tube thoracostomy

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64
Q

CXR will show the absence of lung markings along lung periphery

A

Spontaneous Pneumothorax

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65
Q
  • weakness, dizziness, and fatigue
  • PE will show pallor, tachycardia, atrophic glossitis or koilonychia (spoon nails)
A

Iron Deficiency Anemia

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66
Q
  • Labs will show microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells. Decreased serum iron level, an increase in the total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and decreased serum ferritin levels
A

Iron Deficiency Anemia

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67
Q
  • obese woman 40 - 50-years-old
  • Complaining of slowly resolving right upper quadrant pain that begins suddenly after eating a fatty or large meal
A

Cholelithiasis/Choledocholithiasis

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68
Q

Post-procedure Nausea/Vomiting Risk Factors

A
  • Expected use of post procedure opioids
  • Female Gender
  • Non-smoker
  • Patient age
  • Previous history of post-procedure nausea/vomiting
  • Previous history of motion sickness
  • Type of anesthesia
  • Type and duration of surgery
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69
Q
  • history of smoking
  • Complaining of abdominal/epigastric pain, painless jaundice, depression, and weight loss
  • PE will show palpable nontender gallbladder (Courvoisier sign), migratory thrombophlebitis (Trousseaus syndrome)
A

Pancreatic Cancer

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70
Q

Labs will show CA 19-9 serum marker

A

Pancreatic Cancer

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71
Q

Patient will be complaining of flank pain radiating to groin

A

Nephrolithiasis

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72
Q

PE will show a patient that won’t lay still and hematuria

A

Nephrolithiasis

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73
Q

Nephrolithiasis Most commonly caused by________

A

calcium oxalate

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74
Q

Nephrolithiasis Most common location is the

A

ureterovesiclular junction (UVJ)

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75
Q

Nephrolithiasis

treatment:

A

< 5 mm: likely to pass spontaneously

> 8 mm: unlikely to pass, lithotripsy

76
Q

Protrudes directly through Hesselbach’s triangle and medial to the inferior epigastric artery (IEA)

Bulge decreases upon reclining

A

Direct Inguinal Hernias

77
Q

what type of inguinal hernia?

  • Most common type
  • Protrudes through internal ring, lateral to IEA
A

Indirect

78
Q
  • Patient will be complaining of heat intolerance, palpitations, weight loss, tachycardia, and anxiety
A

Hyperthyroidism

79
Q

PE will show:

  • hyperreflexia
  • goiter
  • exophthalmos
  • pretibial edema
A

Hyperthyroidism

80
Q

Labs will show low TSH and high freeT4

A

Hyperthyroidism

81
Q

Most commonly caused by Graves disease <strong>(autoimmune against TSH receptor)</strong>

A

Hyperthyroidism

82
Q

Hyperthyroidism

treatment:

A
  • methimazole
  • PTU
83
Q
  • Patient with a history of prior abdominal/pelvic surgery
  • Complaining of bilious vomiting
  • PE will show high pitched bowel sounds
A

Small Bowel Obstruction

84
Q

X-ray will show:

  • dilated bowel
  • air fluid levels
  • stack of coins or string of pearls sign
A

Small Bowel Obstruction

85
Q
  • Visual sx (bitemporal hemianopia (or hemianopsia))
  • Prolactinoma: (most common), amenorrhea, impotence
  • Growth hormone tumor: gigantism (children), acromegaly (adults)
  • ACTH secreting
  • TSH secreting
  • Nonfunctioning
A

Pituitary Tumors

86
Q

Patient with a history of a head injury with a loss of consciousness followed by a lucid interval

A

Epidural Hematoma

87
Q
  • CT will show a biconvex opacity
A

Epidural Hematoma

88
Q

Most common artery ruptured is the middle meningeal artery

A

Epidural Hematoma

89
Q
  • history of a parent with similar symptoms
  • Complaining of mucosal hemorrhage or bleeding that is difficult to control
A

von Willebrand Disease

90
Q

Labs will show:

  • decreased factor VIII
  • prolonged bleeding time
A

von Willebrand Disease

91
Q

von Willebrand Disease

treatment:

A

desmopressin (DDAVP)

92
Q

Most common inherited bleeding disorder, autosomal dominant

A

von Willebrand Disease

93
Q
  • Patient will be complaining of discomfort and itching in the anal region
  • If thrombosed may also complain of pain
A

Hemorrhoids

94
Q

what kind of hemorrhoids?

  • proximal to the dentate line
A

Internal

95
Q

what kind of hemorrhoids?

  • distal to the dentate line
A

External

96
Q

Hemorrhoids

treatment:

A
  • lifestyle modifications
  • sitz baths
  • analgesic creams, or surgical excision
97
Q
  • Patient will be obese, pregnant or older
  • With a history of prolonged standing, family history of venous insufficiency
  • Complaining of leg edema
  • PE will show skin changes, ulceration, edema, varicose veins
  • Imaging will show valvular abnormalities
A

Venous Insufficiency

98
Q

Venous Insufficiency

treatment:

A
  • leg elevation
  • compression therapy
  • ulcer care
  • ablation
99
Q
  • Patient will be a man younger than 40
  • Complaining of a painful area by his buttocks
  • PE will show painful, fluctuant area at the sacrococcygeal cleft
A

Pilonidal Cyst

100
Q

Pilonidal Cyst

treatment:

A

surgical drainage

101
Q
  • Patient with a history of high dietary consumption of red meat, low dietary fiber, sedentary lifestyle, BMI > 25 kg/m2, and cigarette smoking
  • Complaining of painless hematochezia
A

Diverticulosis

102
Q

MC cause of significant lower gastrointestinal bleeding

A

Diverticulosis

103
Q

Patient will be complaining of fever, pain that began periumbilical then moved to RLQ, nausea, and anorexia

A

Appendicitis

104
Q

PE will show:

  • Psoas sign (RLQ pain on extension of right hip)
  • Obturator sign (RLQ pain on internal rotation of flexed right hip)
  • Rovsing sign (right lower quadrant pain when the left lower quadrant is palpated)
A

Appendicitis

105
Q

Patient will be complaining of pain in the affected extremity related to activity (intermittent claudication)

A

Peripheral Artery Disease

106
Q

PE will show:

  • cool extremity with absent or diminished pulses
A

Peripheral Artery Disease

107
Q

Patient will be complaining of gnawing epigastric pain

A

Peptic Ulcer Disease

108
Q

what type of ulcer?

Pain is alleviated by ingesting food (mnemonic: DUDe give me food)

A

Duodenal ulcer

109
Q

what type of ulcer?

pain is exacerbated by ingesting food

A

Gastric ulcer

110
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Most commonly caused by

A
  • H. pylori infection
  • nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory use
111
Q

MCC of upper GI bleed

A

Peptic Ulcer Disease

112
Q
  • Decrease in systolic blood pressure 20
  • Decrease in diastolic blood pressure 10
  • Inadequate physiologic response to postural changes
A

Orthostatic Hypotension

113
Q
  • Patient will be older, usually male
  • With a history of HTN, Marfan syndrome
  • Complaining of sudden “ripping” or “tearing” CP radiating to back
A

Aortic Dissection

114
Q

PE will show asymmetric pulses/BP

A

Aortic Dissection

115
Q

CXR will show widened mediastinum

A

Aortic Dissection

116
Q

Aortic Dissection

Treatment:

A
  • reduce BP/HR
  • surgery (depending on dissection type)
117
Q
  • Patient will have a history of drinking alcohol and forceful vomiting
  • Complaining of hematemesis
A

Mallory-Weiss Syndrome

118
Q

Mallory-Weiss Syndrome

diagnosis:

A

Diagnosis is made by upper endoscopy

119
Q
  • Caused by an incomplete tear in the esophagus mucosa and proximal stomach
A

Mallory-Weiss Syndrome

120
Q

Complaining of:

  • sudden onset of pain
  • pallor, paresthesias
  • pulselessness, paralysis
  • pain out of proportion to exam
  • (6 P’s)

Patient with a history of:

  • recent MI or atrial fibrillation
A

Arterial Embolism

121
Q

Blood Transfusions - Hospitalized patient

A
  • Goal Hb 7-8 g/dL
  • Use the least amount of blood products necessary
  • Consider transfusing one unit at a time
  • Follow the patient clinically and monitor for response and possible transfusion reactions
122
Q
  • history of renal failure, DKA, rhabdomyolysis, tumor lysis
  • Complaining of lethargy, weakness, paralysis
A

Hyperkalemia

123
Q

ECG will show:

  • peaked T waves
  • prolonged PR
  • wide QRS
A

Hyperkalemia

124
Q

Hyperkalemia

tx:

A
  • calcium gluconate
  • insulin
  • albuterol
  • bicarbonate
125
Q

Which approach is preferred in cases of a bilateral adrenalectomy?

A

Posterior retroperitoneoscopic.

126
Q

airway inflammation + bronchial hyperresponsiveness + reversible airflow obstruction

A

Asthma

127
Q

PEF < 50%: severe exacerbation

A

Asthma

128
Q

Asthma

treatment:

A
  • O2: maintain SpO2 > 88%
  • Beta-agonists: increase cAMP resulting in bronchodilation
  • Anticholinergics: decrease bronchoconstriction
  • Corticosteroids: decrease inflammation, administer early
  • Mg: severe exacerbations
  • Non-invasive ventilation: decrease work of breathing
129
Q
  • Patient will be elderly or alcoholic
  • With a history of a fall or traumatic head injury
  • Complaining of headache, mental status changes, seizures, or focal deficits
A

Subdural Hematoma

130
Q

Diagnosis is made by non-contrast CT, will appear as crescent-shaped hematoma

A

Subdural Hematoma

131
Q

Most commonly caused by rupture of the bridging veins

A

Subdural Hematoma

132
Q
  • Older Patient

Complaining of:

  • Hesitancy
  • Intermittence/Incontinence
  • Frequency/Fullness
  • Urgency
  • Nocturia
  • (HI FUN)
A

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

133
Q

PE will show:

  • smooth
  • firm and mobile prostate without any nodules or indurations
A

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

134
Q

Most commonly caused by stromal and epithelial cell growth in the transitional zone of the prostate

A

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

135
Q

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

treatment:

A
  • alpha-blockers
  • 5-reductase inhibitors
  • surgery (TURP)
136
Q
  • Patient will be a woman
  • Complaining of a dull ache in her legs after prolonged standing
A

Varicose Veins

137
Q

PE will show:

  • dilated
  • elongated subcutaneous veins
A

Varicose Veins

138
Q

Varicose Veins

treatment:

A
  • leg elevation
  • compression stockings
139
Q
  • Patient will be a man
  • With a history of H. pylori infection
  • Complaining of loss of appetite, unintentional weight loss
A

Gastric Carcinoma

140
Q

PE will show:

  • left supraclavicular node (Virchow’s node)
  • left axillary node (Irish node)
  • periumbilical node (Sister Mary Joseph’s node)
A

Gastric Carcinoma

141
Q

Patient will be complaining of:

  • right upper quadrant pain
  • jaundice
  • fever
  • (CHARCOT TRIAD)
A

Acute Cholangitis

142
Q

Acute Cholangitis

treatment:

A
  • antibiotics
  • definitive treatment is ERCP with antibiotics typically an adjunct
143
Q

Charcot triad + hypotension and AMS = Reynolds pentad, acute obstruction

A

Acute Cholangitis

144
Q

Hemoptysis

Diastolic murmur=

A

mitral stenosis

145
Q

Hemoptysis

Sudden SOB, CP=

A

PE

146
Q

Hemoptysis

Trauma=

A

pulmonary contusion

147
Q

Hemoptysis

Immunodeficiency, immigrant=

A

TB

148
Q

Hemoptysis

Hx of TB or sarcoidosis=

A

aspergilloma

149
Q

Hemoptysis

Renal dysfunction=

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome or Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA, Wegener’s)

150
Q

Hemoptysis

Hx of tobacco use, weight loss=

A

malignancy

151
Q
  • Patient will be a woman
  • With a history of constipation alternating with diarrhea
    *
A

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

152
Q

Complaining of abdominal discomfort which is relieved with bowel movements

A

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

153
Q

Patient will be complaining of:
pain

redness

swelling

A

Cellulitis

154
Q

PE will show:

  • tenderness
  • Erythema with Poorly Demarcated Borders
  • lymphedema
A

Cellulitis

155
Q

Cellulitis

Most commonly caused by:

A
  • Group A Streptococcus
  • Streptococcus pyogenes
  • Staph aureus
156
Q
  • Patient will be a man 20 - 35-years-old
  • Complaining of a testicular lump
A

Testicular Cancer

157
Q

PE will show:

  • Painless
  • Hard
  • Fixed mass
A

Testicular Cancer

158
Q

Labs will show:

  • Increased beta-hCG
  • Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
  • Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
A

Testicular Cancer

159
Q
  • Patient with a history of smoking, long-distance travel, surgery, oral contraceptives use
  • Complaining of unilateral leg edema, leg pain, tenderness, and warmth
A

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

160
Q
  • Physical exam may show a positive Homans sign
A

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

161
Q

Most commonly caused by:

  • stasis
  • hypercoagulable state
  • trauma (Virchow triad)
A

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

162
Q

PE will show transient blanching, edematous papules, and plaques

A

Urticaria

163
Q

Urticaria

treatment:

A
  • supportive care
  • antihistamines
  • glucocorticoids (if associated with angioedema)
164
Q
  • Patient with a history of prior abdominal/pelvic surgery
  • Complaining of bilious vomiting
  • PE will show high pitched bowel sounds
A

Small Bowel Obstruction

165
Q

X-ray will show:

  • dilated bowel
  • air fluid levels
  • stack of coins or string of pearls sign
A

Small Bowel Obstruction

166
Q

Patient will be complaining of:

  • rectal pain and bleeding which occurs with or shortly after defecation
A

Anal Fissure

167
Q

PE will show fissure located in the posterior midline

A

Anal Fissure

168
Q

Anal Fissure

treatment:

A

stool softeners, protective ointments, sitz baths

169
Q

Patient will be complaining of:

  • abdominal pain that is localized to the left lower quadrant
  • fever
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • change in bowel habits
A

Diverticulitis

170
Q
  • Transient episode of neurological dysfunction without acute infarction
  • 10% of TIA patients will have a stroke within 90 days
A

Transient Ischemic Attack

171
Q
  • Patient will be a child
  • Complaining of easy bruising or hemarthroses
  • Labs will show increased PTT
  • Most commonly caused by X-linked recessive factor VIII (8) deficiency
A

Hemophilia A

172
Q
  • Patient will be 2–8 weeks of age
  • Complaining of nonbilious projectile vomiting after feeding and early satiety
A

Pyloric Stenosis

173
Q
  • PE will show RUQ olive-like mass (hypertrophied pylorus)
A

Pyloric Stenosis

174
Q
  • Patient will be complaining of a painless slow growing lesion on the face, ears, or neck
  • PE will show pearly papule with rolled borders and telangiectasia
A

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)

175
Q
  • Patient with a history of chronic reflux
  • Diagnosis is made by upper endoscopy, biopsy
  • Biopsy will show squamous to columnar epithelium and proximal shift in the squamocolumnar junction
A

Barrett Esophagus

176
Q

Barrett Esophagus

treatment:

A

proton pump inhibitors

177
Q

Barrett Esophagus can lead to an Increased risk for __________

A

adenocarcinoma

178
Q

Cardiac output is the product of what?

A

Heart rate multiplied by stroke volume

179
Q

Patient will be complaining of:

  • weakness
  • Dizziness
  • fatigue

PE will show:

  • Pallor
  • Tachycardia
  • Atrophic glossitis
  • Koilonychia (spoon nails)
A

Iron Deficiency Anemia

180
Q

Labs will show:

  • microcytic red blood cells
  • hypochromic red blood cells
  • Decreased serum iron level
  • Increase in the total iron binding capacity (TIBC)
  • Decreased serum ferritin levels
A

Iron Deficiency Anemia

181
Q
  • Rate will be irregular
  • Rhythm will be irregular
  • <span><strong>No defined P waves</strong></span>
A

Atrial Fibrillation

182
Q

Atrial Fibrillation

treatment:

A

Unstable: cardioversion

Stable: rate control is mainstay

183
Q
  • Patient will have fair skin
  • With a history of severe blistering sunburns, a family history of melanoma, dysplastic nevus syndrome
  • Complaining of an itching, tender lesion that won’t heal
A

Melanoma

184
Q
  • Most common cause: GERD
  • Progressive dysphagia
  • Barium swallow (initial), endoscopy
  • Surgery, high-dose PPIs
A

Esophageal Stricture

185
Q
  • ↑ PTH
  • ↑ Ca
  • ↓ phosphorus
A

Primary Hyperparathyroidism

186
Q
A

EOR"S (3 decks)

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