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EOR"S > ROSH, EMERGENCY EOR > Flashcards

ROSH, EMERGENCY EOR Flashcards

1
Q
  • Patient will be a young athlete
  • Complaining of dyspnea on exertion (most common presenting symptom)
  • PE will show harsh crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur which increases in intensity with Valsalva maneuver and decreases with squatting
  • Diagnosis is made by echocardiography
  • Most commonly caused by an autosomal dominant genetic defect
A

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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2
Q

RED FLAG OF BACK PAIN Urinary retention

A

cauda equina syndrome

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3
Q

Patent Ductus Arteriosus Treatment is:

A

indomethacin

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4
Q

Giardiasis Treatment:

A

metronidazole

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5
Q
  • History of recent minor respiratory or GI illness
  • Complaining of symmetric, progressive ASCENDING muscle weakness
  • PE will show LACK of deep tendon reflexes
A

Guillain-Barré Syndrome

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6
Q

Diabetic Ketoacidosis treatment:

A
  • Treatment is IV fluids
  • insulin infusion
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7
Q

PE will show:

  • Dry macular degeneration (85% of cases): Atrophic changes and yellow retinal deposits (DRUSEN spots)
  • Wet macular degeneration: Vascular changes
A

Macular Degeneration

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8
Q

Most commonly caused:

  • Stasis
  • hypercoagulable state
  • trauma (Virchow triad)
A

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

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9
Q

Prostatitis tx:

A
  • < 35 y/o: Ceftriaxone or ofloxacin and doxycycline
  • > 35 y/o: Ciprofloxacin or TMP/SMX
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10
Q
  • hx of alcohol abuse
  • Complaining of dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
  • PE will show an S3 GALLOP on auscultation
  • Echo will show 4 dilated chambers (ventricles > atria)
  • Most commonly caused by idiopathic or alcohol abuse
  • Management includes abstaining from alcohol
A

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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11
Q
  • pH: < 7.35
  • PaCO2: > 45
  • HCO3: Normal
A

Respiratory Acidosis

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12
Q
  • older, male
  • With a history of HTN, Marfan syndrome
  • Complaining of sudden “ripping” or “tearing” CP radiating to back
  • PE will show asymmetric pulses/BP
A

Aortic Dissection

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13
Q

*Patient will be complaining of sudden onset sensation of room spinning in connection with positional changes of the head, lasting seconds to minutes *Diagnosis is made by Dix-Hallpike *Most commonly caused by the presence of an otolith in the labyrinth system

A

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)

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14
Q
  • Complaining of fever, monoarticular pain with decreased ROM
  • Labs from arthrocentesis will show WBC > 50,000 with > 75%PMNs
  • Diagnosis is made by arthrocentesis
A

Septic Arthritis

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15
Q

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) Treatment:

A

Epley maneuver

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16
Q

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) treatment :

A

anticoagulation

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17
Q

X-ray will show fracture of middle to distal radius + disruption of distal radioulnar joint

A

Galeazzi Fracture

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18
Q

first symptom of COMPARTMENT SYNDROME

A

Pain

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19
Q
  • sudden onset of fever
  • headache
  • cough
  • myalgia
  • sore throat
  • fatigue
A

Influenza

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20
Q

Spinal Epidural Abscess Most commonly caused by__________

A

S. aureus

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21
Q

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) PE will show:

A

Mucopurulent Cervical Discharge

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22
Q
  • Elderly bedridden patient or patient with psychiatric/neurological history
  • History of constipation
  • Sigmoidoscopy
A

Sigmoid Volvulus

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23
Q
  • Complaining of severe pruritus that is worse at night
  • PE will show small papules, vesicles, and burrows in the webbed spaces of the fingers and toes
A

Scabies

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24
Q

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Most commonly caused by a

A

ruptured aneurysm

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25
Q

Pericarditis treatment:

A
  • NSAIDs
  • colchicine
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26
Q

Most common cause of blindness in the elderly:

A

Macular Degeneration

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27
Q

caused by Graves disease (autoimmune against TSH receptor)

A

Hyperthyroidism

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28
Q

Hyperthyroidism treatment if pregnant

A

Propylthiouracil (PTU) if Pregnant

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29
Q

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Treatment is:

A
  • supportive
  • nimodipine (decreases vasospasm)
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30
Q

Most common cause of viral pneumonia In adults:

A

Influenza

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31
Q

Pulmonary Embolism treatment:

A
  • Anticoagulation (heparin, LMWH, novel oral anticoagulant (NOAC)
  • supportive care
  • thrombolytics in hemodynamically unstable patients
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32
Q

Bladder Cancer Most common type is:

A

urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma

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33
Q

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion treatment:

A
  • Globe massage
  • ↓ IOP
  • ophthalmology consultation
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34
Q
  • Epigastric pain radiating to the back
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • PE will show flank ecchymosis (Grey Turner sign), umbilical ecchymosis (Cullen sign)
  • Labs will show elevated <u><em><strong><span>lipase (best)</span></strong></em></u> and amylase
A

Acute Pancreatitis

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35
Q

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) treatment:

A

Epley maneuver

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36
Q
  • Patient will be complaining of low-grade fever, increased urinary frequency, dysuria, and suprapubic or abdominal pain.
  • Labs will show positive leukocyte esterase and nitrites
  • Definitive diagnosis is made by urine culture
  • Most commonly caused by <span><strong>Escherichia coli</strong></span>
A

Cystitis

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37
Q

Testing will show IOP ( > 21 mm Hg)

A

Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma

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38
Q

PE will show:

  • ↓ breath sounds
  • dull percussion
  • ↓ tactile fremitus
A

Pleural Effusion

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39
Q
  • Pain with brushing hair or teeth
  • Pain at night when rolling onto shoulder
  • Baseball pitchers
A

Rotator Cuff Impingement and Tear

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40
Q

history of

  • trauma
  • incomplete closure
  • extended contact lens use

PE will show:

  • oval ulcer with ragged edges
  • severe conjunctival inflammation

Most commonly caused by

  • Staphylococcus
  • Pseudomonas(contact lens wearers)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
A

Corneal Ulcer

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41
Q

Atrial Fibrillation Treatment:

A
  • Unstable: cardioversion
  • Stable: rate control is mainstay
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42
Q

Pediculosis Capitis (Head Lice) treatment:

A

permethrin

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43
Q

Suicide Protective factors:

A
  • marriage
  • pregnancy
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44
Q

Tension Pneumothorax tx

A
  • needle decompression of the chest in the second intercostal space in the midclavicular line or fifth intercostal space in the midaxillary line
  • followed by chest tube insertion
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45
Q

Patient with a history of:

  • Diabetes
  • HIV
  • recent abx use

Complaining of:

  • pruritus
  • dysuria
  • dyspareunia

PE will show:

  • white
  • cottage cheese-like discharge

Labs will show:

  • pH < 4.5
  • pseudohyphae
  • spores
A

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

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46
Q

Patient will be complaining of:

Abrupt onset of “worst headache of their life” or “thunderclap” headache

A

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

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47
Q

Hepatic Encephalopathy Treatment:

A

lactulose

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48
Q
  • Labs will show <span>positive</span> pregnancy test and LOWER than expected serum beta-hCG levels
  • Most commonly located in a fallopian tube
A

Ectopic Pregnancy

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49
Q

Epistaxis Anterior bleeds:

A

Kiesselbach plexus

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50
Q

Patient will be complaining:

  • heat intolerance
  • palpitations
  • weight loss
  • tachycardia
  • anxiety
A

Hyperthyroidism

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51
Q

Felon Treatment

A

incision and drainage

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52
Q

PE will show cloudy cornea and fixed mid-dilated pupil

A

Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma

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53
Q

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Treatment:

A
  • HCTZ
  • amiloride
  • indomethacin
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54
Q

Laryngotracheitis (Croup) Treatment is:

A
  • steroids
  • aerosolized epinephrine
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55
Q

Most common cause of sudden death in young athletes

A

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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56
Q

Patient will be complaining of:

  • dyspnea (most common symptom)

PE will show:

  • tachypnea (most common sign)
A

Pulmonary Embolism

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57
Q
  • pH: > 7.45
  • PaCO2: Normal
  • HCO3: > 26
A

Metabolic Alkalosis

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58
Q

Ethambutol ADR:

A
  • optic neuritis
  • red-green color blindness
  • hepatotoxicity
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59
Q

PE will show CVA tenderness:

A

Acute Pyelonephritis

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60
Q

complaining of:

  • fatigue, fever
  • chest discomfort, dyspnea
  • palpitations

PE will show:

  • tachycardia that is disproportionate to fever or discomfort
A

Myocarditis

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61
Q
  • hx of blunt or penetrating trauma
  • Complaining of blurry vision
  • PE will show unequal pupils, injected conjunctiva/sclera, and blood in anterior chamber
A

Hyphema

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62
Q
  • adolescent female, dancers, or athlete
  • PE will show the patella displaced laterally over the lateral condyle
  • Diagnosis is made by clinical exam and X-ray to rule out fracture
  • Most commonly caused by a twisting injury, valgus stress combined with flexion and external rotation
  • Most common type is lateral dislocation
  • Treatment is reduction, knee immobilizer
A

Patellar Dislocation

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63
Q

Pericardial Tamponade Treatment is :

A

pericardiocentesis

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64
Q

CXR will show:

  • nonspecific abnormalities
  • Hampton hump (pleural-based wedge infarct)
  • Westermark sign (vascular cutoff sign)
A

Pulmonary Embolism

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65
Q

Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma treatment:

A
  • topical beta-blockers
  • topical alpha-agonists
  • carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
  • miotics
  • Iridotomy is definitive treatment, but not used for initial management
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66
Q

PE will show:

  • periorbital edema
  • dry skin
  • coarse brittle hair
A

Hypothyroidism

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67
Q

≥ 2 symptoms:

  • Delusions
  • hallucinations
  • disorganized speech
  • grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
  • negative symptoms
A

Schizophrenia

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68
Q

Impetigo tx:

A
  • Limited number of lesions: topical mupirocin
  • Numerous lesions or involvement of more than one area: oral antibiotics (cephalexin or dicloxacillin)
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69
Q

Fundoscopy will show “boxcar” look or “cherry red spot”

A

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

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70
Q

Acute Pyelonephritis Inpatient/pregnant:

A
  • ampicillin/gentamicin or 3rd gen cephalosporin
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71
Q
  • Acute monocular vision loss
  • PAIN worse with eye movements
  • Loss of color (RED) vision
  • Transient worsening of vision with increased body temperature (Uhthoff’s phenomenon)
  • Diagnosis is made clinically. MRI will confirm demyelination
A

Optic Neuritis

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72
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy treatment:

A

Treatment is methotrexate or surgery

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73
Q

Epistaxis Posterior bleeds:

A

Sphenopalatine artery

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74
Q
  • generalized weakness
  • fatigue
  • facial swelling
  • constipation
  • cold intolerance
  • weight gain
A

Hypothyroidism

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75
Q

Cauda Equina Syndrome Diagnosis is made by___________

A

MRI or CT myelogram

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76
Q

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis treatment:

A

Treatment is fluconazole

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77
Q

*Patient will be complaining of sudden unilateral electric shock-like pains in gums, cheek, chin, temporal forehead *PE will show pain in V2 and V3 distributions, not V1

A

Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic douloureux)

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78
Q

Hyphema treatment:

A
  • eye protection
  • limitation of activity
  • head elevation of 30–45 degrees
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79
Q
  • older age
  • Complaining of bilateral, gradual CENTRAL field vision loss
A

Macular Degeneration

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80
Q

Patient will be complaining of:

  • Swelling of the tongue
  • Face
  • Neck in the absence of hives

Most commonly caused by:

  • -Idiopathic -Drug-induced: ACE inhibitors (most common) -Hereditary: C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency
A

Angioedema

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81
Q

Pericarditis causes

A

Most commonly caused by idiopathic then viral (Coxsackie)

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82
Q

Appendicitis Treatment is___________

A

surgery

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83
Q

Phencyclidine (PCP) Intoxication treatment:

A
  • BZDs
  • cooling
  • IVF
  • charcoal
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84
Q
  • HR less than 60
  • Asymptomatic
  • Symptomatic: Fatigue, syncope
  • Medication side effect
  • Normal in athletes and during sleep
  • Observation, atropine for unstable patients
A

Bradycardia

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85
Q

*Pt will be complaining of fever, dysuria, and flank pain

A

Acute Pyelonephritis

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86
Q

Epistaxis Treatment

Anterior bleeding

A
  • Direct pressure
  • topical vasoconstriction (oxymetazoline, phenylephrine)
  • chemical cautery (if vessel visualized)
  • packing
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87
Q

Guillain-Barré Syndrome Most commonly caused by ________________

A

Campylobacter jejuni

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88
Q

RED FLAG OF BACK PAIN Young + morning stiffness

A

seronegative spondyloarthropathy

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89
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic douloureux) Treatment

A

carbamazepine

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90
Q

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Most commonly caused by

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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91
Q
  • child younger than 6-years-old
  • Complaining of non-painful, pruritic lesions on the face
  • PE will show honey-colored, weeping lesions
  • Most commonly caused by S.aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes
A

Impetigo

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92
Q
  • Rhythm will be irregular
  • PR interval will be progressively lengthening
  • Notable feature: Progressive lengthening of the PR interval until QRS complex fails to appear after a P wave (“dropped beat”)
A

Second-Degree Heart Block (Mobitz I / Wenckebach)

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93
Q

Campylobacter jejuni tx:

A
  • supportive
  • plasmapheresis, or IVIG
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94
Q
  • pre or mid-cycle Dysmenorrhea, Dyspareunia, Dyschezia (painful bowel movement)
  • PE will show uterosacral nodularity or a fixed or retroverted uterus
  • Diagnosis is made by laparoscopy
A

Endometriosis

95
Q

Bronchiolitis PE will show

A
  • respiratory distress
  • polyphonic wheezing
  • rales
96
Q

Erysipelas Treatment is:

A
  • Infections with systemic symptoms parenteral cefazolin, ceftriaxone or flucloxacillin
  • Mild to moderate infections (without systemic symptoms) oral amoxicillin or cephalexin
97
Q

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Out pt treatment is

A

ceftriaxone + doxycycline

98
Q
  • Breastfeeding mother
  • Breast erythema, tenderness, fever
  • caused by Staph. aureus
  • Management includes cool compresses and analgesics in between feedings
A

Mastitis

99
Q

Felon Most commonly caused by

A

Staphylococcus aureus

100
Q
  • Infection of lateral nail fold
  • Most commonly caused by S. aureus
  • Treatment is ABX, warm soaks, I and D
A

Paronychia

101
Q

Testicular Torsion Diagnosis is made by __________

A

ultrasound with Doppler

102
Q
  • Associated with aging, digitalis, ischemia, inflammation, cardiomyopathies
  • Rhythm will be regular
  • PR interval will be > 0.20 s (200 msec) and constant
A

First‐Degree Heart Block

103
Q
  • history of nasal congestion, cough, and low-grade fever
  • Complaining of rapid fire repetitive coughing followed by an inspiratory whoop” and post-tussive emesis
A

Pertussis (“Whooping Cough”)

104
Q
  • HTN, tachycardia, hyperthermia
  • Vertical, horizontal, or rotatory nystagmus
  • Variable pupil size
  • Combative behavior
  • Complications: rhabdomyolysis, seizures
A

Phencyclidine (PCP) Intoxication

105
Q
  • Patient will be an overweight (Fat),Fertile, Female in her Forties (4Fs)
  • Complaining of colicky, steadily increasing RUQ or epigastric pain after eating fatty foods
  • PE will show Murphy sign, Boas sign (hyperaesthesia (increased or altered sensitivity) below the right scapula)
A

Cholecystitis

106
Q

Most commonly caused by Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

A

Hypothyroidism

107
Q

Prostatitis most commonly caused by: > 35 y/o:

A

E. Coli

108
Q

Myocarditis Echocardiogram will show

A
  • Decreased Ventricular Ejection Fraction with hypokinesis
  • wall motion abnormalities
109
Q

Optic Neuritis Treatment is__________

A

methylprednisolone IV

110
Q
  • Rate will be irregular
  • Rhythm will be irregular
  • Notable feature: No defined P waves
A

Atrial Fibrillation

111
Q
  • pH: < 7.35
  • PaCO2:Normal
  • HCO3: < 22
A

Metabolic Acidosis

112
Q

Hypercalcemia Most commonly caused by:

A
  • Malignancy (most common inpatient cause)
  • Primary hyperparathyroidism (most common outpatient cause)
113
Q

Aortic Dissection CXR will show:

A

widened mediastinum

114
Q
  • right upper quadrant pain, jaundice, fever (Charcot triad)
  • Diagnosis is made by RUQ ultrasound, CT scan, or ERCP (gold standard)
A

Acute Cholangitis

115
Q

Labs will show:

  • high TSH
  • low free T4
  • antithyroid peroxidase
  • antithyroglobulin autoantibodies
A

Hypothyroidism

116
Q

RED FLAG OF BACK PAIN Back pain + fever + neurological deficits=

A

epidural abscess

117
Q
  • Patient will be entering a dark room or movie theater
  • Complaining of acute unilateral painful vision loss, vomiting, and seeing halos around lights
A

Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma

118
Q

Appendicitis Most commonly caused by _________

A

fecalith

119
Q

Complaining of abdominal pain, vomiting, and fatigue

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

120
Q
  • middle-aged man
  • Complaining of acute onset of pain in the first MTP (PODAGRA)
  • Labs will show needle-shaped crystal with NEGATIVE birefringence
  • Most commonly caused by uric acid crystals
A

Gout

121
Q

Gout Can be triggered by

A

loop and thiazide diuretics

122
Q
  • complaining of fever, chills, perineal/back pain, and dysuria
  • PE will show a warm, EXQUISITELY tender prostate
A

Prostatitis

123
Q

Gout Treatment is:

A
  • Acute: NSAIDs, steroids, colchicine
  • Chronic: allopurinol or colchicine
124
Q
  • failure to thrive
  • poor feeding
  • tachycardia
  • tachypnea
  • PE will show continuous, rough, “MACHINERY-LIKE” murmur, heard best in the first interspaces of the LSB
A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

125
Q

Acute Cholangitis treatment:

A
  • Treatment is antibiotics
  • definitive treatment is ERCP with antibiotics typically an adjunct
126
Q

Suicide RFs (SAD PERSONS):

A
  • Sex (male)
  • Age (teenager or elderly)
  • Depression
  • Previous attempt
  • Ethanol/drug use
  • Rational thinking loss
  • Separated, divorced, or widowed
  • Organized plan
  • No Social support
  • Stated future attempt
127
Q
  • Sludging → ↓ perfusion
  • MM, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, PV, leukemias
  • ↑ WBC, ↑ RBCs
  • Dysproteinemias: plasmaphoresis
  • Blast transformations: leukaphoresis
A

Hyperviscosity Syndrome

128
Q

RED FLAG OF BACK PAIN Night pain +weight loss=

A

malignancy

129
Q
  • Patient with a history of prior ectopic, PID, tubal surgery, IUD
  • Complaining of vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, amenorrhea
  • PE will show adnexal tenderness or unexplained hypotension
A

Ectopic Pregnancy

130
Q

Pericardial Tamponade Treatment is

A

pericardiocentesis

131
Q
  • complaining of dyspnea and chest pain
  • PE will show muffled heart sounds, JVD, hypotension (Beck triad), pulsus paradoxus
  • ECG will show low voltage QRS, electrical alternans
A

Pericardial Tamponade

132
Q

Epiglottitis Most commonly caused by:

A
  • Strep. and Staph. species
  • H.influenzae
133
Q
  • Sx duration > 1 month
  • Persistent re-experiencing of the event
  • Persistently ↑ arousal
  • Avoidance of stimuli
  • ↑ Risk for suicide, substance abuse
A

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

134
Q
  • Patient with a history of skiing
  • Complaining of pain, swelling, and tenderness on the ulnar side of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb
  • Most commonly caused by the forceful radial abduction of the thumb
A

Gamekeeper’s Thumb - Skier’s Thumb

135
Q
  • Patient with a history of a head injury with a loss of consciousness followed by a lucid interval
  • CT will show a biconvex opacity
  • Most common artery ruptured is the middle meningeal artery
  • Treatment is emergent evacuation
A

Epidural Hematoma

136
Q

Acute Pulmonary Edema treatment:

A
  • BiPAP: ↑ oxygenation, ↓ work of breathing, ↓ preload, ↓ afterload
  • Nitroglyerin: ↓ preload, ↓ afterload
  • Furosemide: diuresis
137
Q
  • Patient will be a diabetic
  • With a history of Infection, Ischemia (cardiac, mesenteric), Infarction, Insulin deficit (poor control), Intoxication (FIVE I’s)
A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

138
Q
  • Patient with a history of multiple sexual partners or unprotected sex
  • Complaining of lower abdominal pain, cervical motion tenderness (“Chandelier sign”), painful sexual intercourse
A

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

139
Q
  • Patient will be complaining of pleuritic chest pain radiating to the back
  • worse when lying back and improved when leaning forward
A

Pericarditis

140
Q
  • older man
  • With a history of smoking and HTN
  • Complaining of abdominal pain or asymptomatic
  • PE will show hypotension and pulsatile abdominal mass
A

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)

141
Q
  • Pink puffer, blue bloater
  • Excessive O2 → ↓ respiratory drive
  • Bronchodilators, anticholinergics, steroids, NIPPV, smoking cessation
A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

142
Q

Bell Palsy treatment:

A
  • prednisone
  • artificial tears
  • tape eyelid shut
  • antivirals (for severe cases)
143
Q
  • Patient with a history of viral prodrome
  • Complaining of waking up with unilateral facial nerve paralysis, hyperacusis, and taste disturbance
  • PE will show CN VII nerve palsy that does not spare the forehead Most commonly caused by HSV
A

Bell Palsy

144
Q
  • Patient will be complaining of rapid onset of fever and dysphagia
  • PE will show patient leaning forward, drooling, inspiratory stridor
  • Imaging will show “thumbprint” sign
A

Epiglottitis

145
Q

Testicular Torsion Treatment is________

A

manual detorsion or surgical

146
Q

Radial Nerve Palsy (Saturday Night Palsy) treatment:

A

Treatment is splinting the wrist, physical therapy, and pain management

147
Q
  • PE will show tachycardia and pericardial friction rub
  • ECG will show PR depression, PR elevation (aVR), diffuse ST-segment elevation (concave)
A

Pericarditis

148
Q
  • Patient will be complaining of bone pain (Bones), kidney stones (Stones), abdominal pain (Groans), lethargy, psychosis (Psychiatric overtones)
  • ECG will show shortened QT interval
A

Hypercalcemia

149
Q

RED FLAG OF BACK PAIN Acute bony tenderness

A

fracture

150
Q

Pericardial Tamponade Echocardiography will show:

A
  • Diastolic collapse of RA (highly sensitive and specific)
  • Early diastolic collapse of RV (less sensitive, but is very specific)
151
Q
  • child
  • Complaining of itching on their head
  • PE will show nits (eggs) or actual lice
  • Most commonly caused by Pediculus humanus capitis
A

Pediculosis Capitis (Head Lice)

152
Q

Patient will be complaining of gnawing epigastric pain

A

Peptic Ulcer Disease

153
Q

Ethambutol MOA:

A

Bacteriostatic against actively growing TB bacilli

154
Q

Endometriosis Most common site is__________

A

ovaries

155
Q
  • Patient will be a non-toxic appearing child, 6-months to 3-years-old
  • Complaining of URI symptoms with barky, seal-like cough, inspiratory stridor, low-grade fever
  • X-ray will show “steeple sign” on PA view
A

Laryngotracheitis (Croup)

156
Q

Guillain-Barré Syndrome Lumbar puncture results will demonstrate_________ CSF PROTEIN but a normal cell count

A

increased

157
Q

Most common cause of upper GI bleed:

A

Peptic Ulcer Disease

158
Q
  • basketball or volleyball player
  • With a history of forced hyperflexion of the DIP
  • Complaining of inability to extend the DIP
A

Mallet Finger

159
Q
  • sudden onset sensation of room spinning in connection with positional changes of the head, lasting seconds to minutes
  • Diagnosis is made by Dix-Hallpike
  • Most commonly caused by the presence of an otolith in the labyrinth system
A

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)

160
Q

Spontaneous Pneumothorax Treatment is:

A
  • < 20% in a healthy patient: observation with oxygen administration
  • > 20%: chest tube thoracostomy
161
Q
  • Arboviruses, HSV
  • Fever, HA, AMS
  • Psychiatric sx
  • MRI
A

Encephalitis

162
Q

Mallet Finger treatment:

A

Treatment is volar splinting the DIP in extension

163
Q

Pertussis (“Whooping Cough”) Most commonly caused by:

A

Bordetella pertussis

164
Q
  • PE will show abrupt onset of tachycardia with a ventricular rate of 120 to 200 beats per minute
  • caused by a reentrant pathway in the atrioventricular node
  • Treatment is vagal maneuvers, drug therapy (adenosine), and cardioversion
A
  • Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
  • Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT)
165
Q

Cystitis treatment:

A
  • Acute uncomplicated cystitis: TMP-SMX, nitrofurantoin, or fluoroquinolone for 3-5 days
  • Acute uncomplicated cystitis with comorbid conditions: TMP-SMX, nitrofurantoin, or fluoroquinolone for 7 days
166
Q
  • history of smoking, long-distance travel, surgery, oral contraceptives use
  • Complaining of unilateral leg edema, leg pain, tenderness, and warmth
A

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

167
Q
  • Patient with a history of diabetes or IVDA
  • Complaining of back pain, fever, and neurological deficits
  • Labs will show elevated ESR
A

Spinal Epidural Abscess

168
Q
  • Acute
  • painless monocular vision loss
A

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

169
Q

Mastitis treatment:

A
  • Management includes cool compresses and analgesics in between feedings
  • Antibiotics: Dicloxacillin, cephalexin, TMP-SMX (MRSA), clindamycin (PCN allergic)
170
Q
  • Patient with a history of ankle inversion
  • PE will show pain and swelling
  • Imaging will show partial or complete tearing of ligaments
  • Most commonly injured anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)
  • Treatment is RICE therapy
A

Ankle Sprain

171
Q

Cauda Equina Syndrome Most commonly caused by a

A

herniated disc

172
Q
  • hx of infection, dehydration, medications, GI bleed, hypoxia, hypoglycemia
  • Complaining of confusion
  • PE will show scleral icterus and asterixis
  • Most commonly caused by toxin accumulation due to liver dysfunction
A

Hepatic Encephalopathy

173
Q

PE will show fruity smelling breath, dehydration, and AMS

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

174
Q

PE will show:

  • ≥ 5 MINUTES OF CONTINUOUS seizure activity
  • or more than one seizure without recovery from the postictal state in between episodes
  • *Most commonly caused by a change in the medication regimen of someone with a seizure disorder
A

Status Epilepticus

175
Q
  • older than 60-years-old
  • Complaining of intensely pruritic papules that became large, tense blisters/bullae
  • PE will show tense and firm blisters that do not extend with lateral pressure (Nikolsky sign negative)
  • Most commonly caused by chronic autoimmune blistering disease
A

Bullous Pemphigoid

176
Q

Patient will be complaining of pain and itching in the anal region

A

Hemorrhoids

177
Q

what type of ulcer ?

pain is ALLEVIATED by ingesting food

(mnemonic: <strong>DUDe</strong> give me food)

A

Duodenal ulcer

178
Q

Laryngotracheitis (Croup) Most commonly <span>caused by</span>

A

parainfluenza virus

179
Q

Cauda Equina Syndrome Treatment is

A

operative decompression

180
Q

Ethambutol use:

A

usually in combination with other tuberculosis drugs (e.g. rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol (RIPE))

181
Q
  • Hypotension, JVD
  • Clear lungs
  • ST elevation in V4R - V6R
  • Preload dependent
  • Impaired filing of left ventricle
  • Reperfusion, dopamine/dobutamine
A

Right Ventricular Infarction

182
Q
  • Lifelong, recurrent mood episodes of either mood pole
  • Mania, hypomania
  • Inflated self esteem
  • Decreased need for sleep
  • Pressured speech
  • Flight of ideas
  • Excessive pleasurable activity
A

Bipolar disorder

183
Q
  • fever, pain that began periumbilical then moved to RLQ, nausea, and anorexia
  • PE will show Psoas sign (RLQ pain on extension of right hip), Obturator sign (RLQ pain on internal rotation of flexed right hip), Rovsing sign (right lower quadrant pain when the left lower quadrant is palpated)
A

Appendicitis

184
Q
  • Infant
  • Complaining of difficulty breathing
  • PE will show respiratory distress, polyphonic wheezing, and rales
  • Diagnosis is made by history and physical exam
  • Most commonly caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
  • Treatment is supportive care
A

Bronchiolitis

185
Q

Most common cardiomyopathy

A

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

186
Q

Cholecystitis Most commonly caused by

A

obstruction by a gallstone

187
Q

Labs will show low TSH and high free T4

A

Hyperthyroidism

188
Q
  • pH: > 7.45
  • PaCO2: < 35
  • HCO3: Normal
A

Respiratory Alkalosis

189
Q

Epiglottitis Treatment is:

A
  • IV antibiotics
  • airway management
190
Q
  • history of dysrhythmias (AF), recent MI, or CAD
  • Complaining of abdominal pain out of proportion to exam
  • Labs will show lactic acidosis
  • Diagnosis is made by CTA, angiography (gold standard)
A

Mesenteric Ischemia

191
Q

Hypothyroidism Treatment is

A

levothyroxine

192
Q

Labs will show:

  • hyperglycemia
  • ketonemia
  • anion gap metabolic acidosis
A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

193
Q

PE will show:

  • hyperreflexia
  • goiter
  • exophthalmos
  • pretibial edema
A

Hyperthyroidism

194
Q

Optic Neuritis Most commonly caused by_______

A

multiple sclerosis

195
Q

Bronchiolitis Treatment

A

supportive care

196
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease Most commonly caused by

A

H. pylori infection or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory use

197
Q
  • Patient with a history of taking lithium
  • Diagnosis is made by water deprivation test: no change in urine osmolality
  • Most commonly caused by <span><strong>renal unresponsiveness to ADH</strong></span>
A

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

198
Q
  • Life-long disease, with initiation of symptoms in first 6-8 months of life
  • Genetic mutation of hemoglobin gene leading to sickling of red blood cells, easy red cell destruction, chronic anemia, vaso-occlusive crises, and multi-organ failure
  • Patients are often asplenic by early childhood
A

Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease

199
Q
  • Gamekeeper’s Thumb - Skier’s Thumb treatment:
A

Treatment is thumb spica splint

200
Q

Acute Pyelonephritis treatment

A

Treatment is fluoroquinolone or TMP-SMX

201
Q

RED FLAG OF BACK PAIN Pain with extension + relief with flexion

A

spinal stenosis

202
Q

CXR will show:

  • blunting of the costophrenic angle

Most commonly caused by:

  • Transudate: heart failure
  • Exudate: infection > malignancy, PE
A

Pleural Effusion

203
Q
  • history of a night of heavy drinking
  • PE will show a weakness of the wrist extensors, WRIST DROP, and weakness of the finger extensors
A

Radial Nerve Palsy (Saturday Night Palsy)

204
Q
  • Patient will be an infant or young man (bimodal)
  • Complaining of intense scrotal pain
  • PE will show exquisite tenderness of the testicle and no cremasteric reflex
A

Testicular Torsion

205
Q

Hyperthyroidism Treatment is

A

methimazole or PTU

206
Q
  • Patient will be complaining of fever, rash, cough, and myalgias
  • Physical exam will show:
  • Fever
  • Roth spots
  • Osler nodes
  • Murmur
  • Janeway lesions
  • Anemia
  • Nailbed hemorrhages
  • Emboli
  • (FROM JANE)
A

Bacterial Endocarditis

207
Q
  • Patient will be a young, tall, thin, man
  • PE will show:
  • decreased breath sounds
  • decreased fremitus
  • hyperresonance to percussion
  • CXR will show the absence of lung markings along lung periphery
A

Spontaneous Pneumothorax

208
Q

Epistaxis Treatment is: Posterior bleeding

A
  • Packing (foley, gauze pack, intranasal balloon device)
  • Admit patients with posterior packing to a monitored bed
209
Q
  • PE will show:
  • Paresthesias
  • Pallor
  • Pulselessness
  • Poikilothermia
  • Paralysis
  • Pain out of proportion to exam
  • (6 Ps)
  • Most commonly caused by tibia fracture
  • If delta pressure < 30 mm Hg, treatment is fasciotomy
  • Most common sites: <span><strong>forearm, lower leg</strong></span>
A

Compartment Syndrome

210
Q
  • older age
  • With a history of smoking
  • Complaining of painless hematuria
  • Diagnosis is made by cystoscopy
A

Bladder Cancer

211
Q

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy treatment:

A
  • refraining from vigorous physical activity
  • beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers
212
Q
  • Life-long disease, with initiation of symptoms in first 6-8 months of life
  • Genetic mutation of hemoglobin gene leading to:
  • sickling of red blood cells
  • easy red cell destruction
  • chronic anemia
  • vaso-occlusive crises
  • multi-organ failure
  • Patients are often asplenic by early childhood
  • Patients are hundreds of times more likely to have sepsis, with the period of risk highest between 6 months and 5-years-old
  • Prophylactic antibiotics are often given when patients have fever until blood and urine cultures are deemed negative
A

Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease

213
Q

Prostatitis most commonly caused by: < 35 y/o:

A

< 35 y/o: N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis

214
Q

Physical exam may show a positive Homans sign

A

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

215
Q
  • Patient with a history of chest trauma
  • PE will show:
  • diminished or absent breath sounds
  • tracheal deviation away from the side of the injury
  • hypotension
  • jugular venous distension
  • Diagnosis is made clinically
A

Tension Pneumothorax

216
Q
  • Sudden onset
  • Intense apprehension
  • fearfulness
  • terror
  • Peaks in 10 minutes
  • Concern about future attacks
A

Panic Attack

217
Q

what type of ulcer ?

pain is exacerbated by ingesting food

A

Gastric ulcer

218
Q
  • Associated with patients with COPD and the elderly
  • Rate will be 100-200 beats/min
  • PR interval will be differing
  • Notable feature: At least 3 different P-wave forms
  • Treatment is to treat the underlying cause, calcium-channel blockers
A

Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia

219
Q

Septic Arthritis Most commonly Age < 35 caused by

A

N. gonorrhea, S.aureus overall

220
Q
  • Patient will be someone with a history of:
  • TRAUMA
  • MALIGNANCY
  • EPIDURAL ABSCESS OR HEMATOMA
  • Complaining of ACUTE onset of LOWER back pain with WEAKNESS and NUMBNESS
  • PE will show urinary RETENTION, saddle anesthesia, decreased rectal tone
A

Cauda Equina Syndrome

221
Q

Aortic Dissection treatment:

A

Treatment is reduce BP/HR, surgery (depending on dissection type)

222
Q

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage diagnosis:

A
  • Diagnosis is made by noncontrast CT scan. Blood will appear white in color on the CT
  • If CT negative, and suspicion high, lumbar puncture
223
Q

Bullous Pemphigoid Treatment is____________

A

corticosteroids and immunosuppressants

224
Q

Pertussis (“Whooping Cough”) treatment:

A

macrolide - azithromycin

225
Q
  • X-ray will show periosteal elevation or bony erosions
  • Diagnosis is made by bone scan or MRI
A

Osteomyelitis

226
Q
  • Complaining of penile pain
  • PE will show foreskin that, once retracted, cannot be brought to the usual position
  • Treatment is manual reduction or dorsal slit if reduction unsuccessful
A

Paraphimosis

227
Q

Scabies tx:

A

permethrin 5%

228
Q
  • complaining of dyspnea and chest pain
  • PE will show muffled heart sounds, JVD, hypotension (Beck triad), pulsus paradoxus
  • ECG will show low voltage QRS, electrical alternans
A

Pericardial Tamponade

229
Q
  • Crackles, jugular venous distension
  • CXR: cephalization, Kerley B lines, effusions
A

Acute Pulmonary Edema

230
Q
  • Patient will be complaining of:
  • malaise
  • fever
  • chills
  • nausea
  • PE will show:
  • intense and deeply erythematous
  • sharply demarcated elevated shiny patch
  • Most commonly caused by Streptococcus pyogenes infection (group A beta strep)
A

Erysipelas

231
Q

Status Epilepticus treatment is:

A
  • 1st: Benzodiazepines (lorazepam, etc.)
  • 2nd: Phenytoin or fosphenytoin, valproic acid, phenobarbital, levetiracetam
  • 3rd: Pentobarbital, propofol
232
Q
  • hx of camping and drinking lake water
  • Complaining of sudden onset of explosive, foul-smelling, and non-bloody diarrhea
  • Labs will show flagellated protozoan
A

Giardiasis

233
Q

Cholecystitis Treatment is

A

cholecystectomy

234
Q
A

EOR"S (3 decks)

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