Rosenthal Human Growth Social/Cultural Flashcards
Pleasure principle
Houses animalistic instincts
Id
Reality principle
Pressured by Id to succumb to pleasure regardless of consequences
Ego
Known for his work in strategic and problem-solving therapy often utilizing the technique of paradox
Jay Haley
Known for his ideas related to adult cognitive development especially college students
Stressed dualistic thinking
William Perry
Thinking in which things are conceptualized as good or bad right or wrong
Dualistic thinking
Order of Piaget’s 4 Stages
Sensorimotor
preoperations
concrete operations
formal operations
A parametric statistical test used in formal experiments to determine whether there is a significant difference between two groups, which must be normally distributed
T test
Used by Kohlberg to assess the level and stage of moral development in an individual
The Heinz Story
Husband steals drug for wife they could not afford
When is fear of death greatest?
During middle age
In Freudian theory, when does attachment occur
oral stage
The assumption of these theorists is that qualitative changes occur between stages
Stage theorists
How many stages and levels are there in Kohlberg’s theory of moral development?
6 stages
3 levels
What are Kohlberg’s stages and levels of moral development?
Preconventional level with stage one punishment/obedience orientation and stage two naïve hedonism orientation (aka premoral)
Conventional level with stage 3 good boy/girl orientation and stage 4 authority, law, and order orientation (aka morality of conventional rules and authority)
Postconventional level with stage 5 democratically accepted law or social contract and stage 6 principles of self-conscience and universal ethics (aka morality of self-accepted principles)
A mother hides a toy behind her back and the young child does not believe the toy exist anymore. The child has not mastered
Object permanence and representational thought also called object constancy
Allows language and symbolism in play to occur
Symbolic mental processes, part of Piaget’s preoperational stage
R.J. Havinghurst’s developmental tasks
Infancy and early childhood–Learning to walk or eat solid foods
Middle childhood, 6-12–Learning to get along with peers or developing a conscience
Adolescence, 12-18–preparing for marriage and an economic career
Early adulthood, 19-30–selecting a mate and starting a family
Middle age, 30-60–assisting teenage children become responsible adults and developing leisure time activities
Later maturity, 60+ – dealing with the death of a spouse and adjusting to retirement
Freud believed morality developed from
The super ego
Which of Eric Berne’s Transactionsl Analysis ego states most closely matches Freud’s super ego
Parent
Counselors of this persuasion allow the client to work through early conflicts acting as a nonjudgmental parent
Maturationists
An environment in which the client can make meaning in the face of a crisis and can find a new direction
Robert Kegan’s holding environment
Robert Kegan’s six stages of life span development
Incorporative, impulsive, Imperial, interpersonal, institutional, and interindividual
The fourth force of counseling theory
Multicultural counseling
Tried to prove that blacks had lower IQs due to genetic factors
Arthur Jensen
What helped to abet the multicultural counseling movement
The civil rights movement
Biological similarities and sameness are indicated by
Universal culture
Where as a culture is defined primarily via norms and values a society differs from culture in that a society
Is a self perpetuating independent group which occupies a definitive territory
In the United States middle and upper-class citizens seem to want to counselor who
Helps them work it out on their own. They are taught that independence is a virtue
An insider’s perception of the culture, meaning a culture specific perspective, from the word phonemic meeting sounds in a particular language
Emic
An Asian counselor says to an African-American client if you were unhappy with the system get out there and rebel. You can change the system. This is which viewpoint for coping with the environment
Alloplastic–challenge external factors
Personalism in the context of multicultural counseling means
All people must adjust to environmental and geological demands
After a period of time, one forgets the communicator but remembers the message
Sleeper effect
Who wrote books in 1908 to help introduce social psychology in America
William McDougal with Introduction to Social Psychology and Edward Alsworth Ross with Social Psychology
In which birth order is the tendency to affiliate with others highest?
Firstborns and Only children
