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Systematic Botany > Rosaceae > Flashcards

Rosaceae Flashcards

1
Q

Rosales characteristics

A

Order

  • hypanthium
  • toothed leaves
  • micromorphology
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2
Q

hypanthium

A

a structure formed from the adnation of petals, sepal, and stamens.

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3
Q

Rosaceae

A

rose family

90/2520 worldwide

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4
Q

Rosaceae general plant characteristics

A
  • herbs, shrubs, or trees (3/4 woody)
  • thorns sometimes present
  • ALKALOIDS ABSENT
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5
Q

Rosaceae general leaf characteristics

A
  • mostly alternate and spiral
  • simple to compound
    • palmate or pinnate
  • COMMONLY WITH GLAND-TIPPED TEETH
  • stipules usually present
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6
Q

Rosaceae genera

A
  • Rosa
  • Prunus
  • Rubus
  • Potentilla
  • Crataegus
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7
Q

Rosaceae inflorescence characteristics

A

various

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8
Q

Rosaceae flower characteristics

A
  • USUALLY SHOWY
  • bisexual (perfect)
  • radial with HYPANGIUM types
    • flat, cup-shaped, cylindrical
  • either FREE hypangium or ADNATE to CARPELS
  • NUMEROUS STAMENS (>15)
  • SUPERIOR ovary
  • 5 petals, 5 sepals
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9
Q

hypanthium types

A
  • adnate to ovary (epigyny)

- free from ovary (perigyny)

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10
Q

Economically important Rosaceae

A

Many…

apples, pears, almonds, apricots, sweet/sour cherries, peaches, plums, black/sloe/logan/raspberries, strawberries

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11
Q

Malus

A

apples

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12
Q

Prunus

A

almond, apricot, sweet/sour cherry, peach, plum

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13
Q

Pyrus

A

Pear

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14
Q

Rubus

A

black/logan/raspberry

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15
Q

Fragaria

A

strawberry

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16
Q

Ornamental importance of Rosaceae

A

Roses - most widely cultivated flower in the world. (hybrids from ~9 species)

17
Q

Rosaceae distribution and ecology

A
  • COSMOPOLITAN
  • most abundant in Northern hemisphere
  • temperate forests
  • salt / freshwater marshes
  • arctic tundra
  • roadsides
  • often not deserts or tropical rainforest
18
Q

Maloideae

A

Malus, Pyrus, Crataegus, Sorbus

  • shrubs/trees, simple or compound leaves
  • INFERIOR OVARY (sometimes hald inferior) FUSED WITH HYPANTHIUM
  • POME fruits (apples, pears)
  • 2 - 5 carpels
19
Q

Amygdaloideae (=Prunoideae)

A

Prunus

  • shrubs/trees, SIMPLE LEAVES
  • SUPERIOR OVARY, not fused with hypanthium
  • DRUPE fruits (plums, peaches, almonds, cherries)
  • usually one carpel
20
Q

Rosoideae

A

Rosa, Fragaria, Potentilla, Geum, Rubus

  • HERBS, SHRUBS, or small temperate trees
  • PINNATE or PALMATE COMPOUND LEAVES
  • AGGREGATE fruits of
    • ACHENES
    • DRUPLETS (raspberry)
  • numerous simple carpels
  • SUPERIOR OVARY
  • many carpels
21
Q

Spiraeoideae

A

Spiraea, Physocarpus

  • woody shrubs, simple (sometimes compound) leaves
  • SUPERIOR OVARY (perigynous)
  • AGGREGATE fruits
    • follicles
    • capsules
  • 2 - 5 carpels
22
Q

Alkaloids

A

absent in Rosaceae
poisonous, bitter-tasting
insect problems can arise from this… evolved to combat insects with other defenses

23
Q

No blue roses… Why?

A

Rosaceae lack delphidine

Systematic Botany (9 decks)

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