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Systematic Botany > Asteraceae > Flashcards

Asteraceae Flashcards

1
Q

Asteraceae

A

sunflower family

- perhaps largest plant family

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2
Q

Astaraceae distribution

A

cosmopolitan
esp. in temperate, open, dry habitats @ mid-latitudes
limited in tropics **

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3
Q

Astaraceae characteristics - plants

A

annual or perennial
HERBS or SHRUBS,
rarely vines, less often trees

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4
Q

Astaraceae characteristics - leaves

A

estipulate, variously dissected
SELDOM COMPOUND
opposite, alternate, basal rosettes / cauline

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5
Q

Astaraceae characteristics - inflorescence

A

NUMEROUS SESSILE FLOWERS in compact arrangement on COMMON, RECEPTACLE (HEAD)
flat or conical receptacle
sepaploid INVOLUCRAL BRACTS / PHYLLARIES
… resembles complex calyx

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6
Q

capitulate / involucrate inflorescence

A

many small flowers open first outside

anthers fused and form tube

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7
Q

Astaraceae characteristics - flowers

A

two distinct kinds in these composite inflorescences:

  • DISK FLOWERS
  • RAY FLOWERS
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8
Q

discoid

A

disk flowers only

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9
Q

ligulate

A

ray flowers only

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10
Q

radiate

A

mixture of disk and ray flowers

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11
Q

disk flowers

A

epigynous
ACTINOMORPHIC
tubular corolla, 5 teeth
may be perfect or functionally STAMINATE

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12
Q

ray flowers

A 
short tubular corolla
ZYGOMORPHIC
3 - 5 lipped LIGULE
"FALSE PETALS"
FREQUENTLY STERILE or functionally PISTILATE
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13
Q

Astaraceae characteristics - sepals

A

REDUCED TO PAPPUS of awns, scales, bristles, or absent.

bracts / bristles = remain chaff when flowers are removed… otherwise receptacle is naked

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14
Q

Astaraceae characteristics - stamens

A 
epipetalous
ANTHERS CONNIVENT (synantherous), variously spurred at base or appendage
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15
Q

Astaraceae characteristics - pistil

A

exserted, BIFURCATED STYLE and contains a single ovule

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16
Q

Astaraceae characteristics - fruit

A

ACHENES (cypselas) …
inferior ovary includes tissue from outer floral whorls
bristles of pappus develop plume-like wings for seed dispersal… hooks for mammal dispersal

17
Q

Astaraceae characteristics - distribution

A

COSMOPOLITAN in mid latitudes
limited in tropics
significantly adaptive

18
Q

Astaraceae characteristics - ecology

A

TOLERATE STRONG SUNLIGHT
PROMINENT IN DESERTS / GRASSLANDS
can still be in aquatic / alpine
flower until late in season

19
Q

Astaraceae characteristics - economic importance

A

only Cynara (artichoke), Helianthus (sunflower), and Lactuca (lettuce) are useful as food
sunflower, safflower cooking oil
ornamentals
livestock feed

Systematic Botany (9 decks)

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