Rosacea Flashcards

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1
Q

What is rosacea?

A

A chronic relapsing disease of the facial skin

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2
Q

What causes rosacea?

A

Unknown

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3
Q

What plays a role in the development of rosacea?

A

Things that cause episodes of flushing and blushing

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4
Q

What things that cause flushing can lead to the development of rosacea?

A
  • Temperature extremes
  • Strenuous exercise
  • Heat from sunlight
  • Severe sunburn
  • Stress
  • Anxiety
  • Cold wind
  • Moving to a warm or hot environment from a cold one
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5
Q

What medications have been known to trigger rosacea flares?

A
  • Amiodarone
  • B6
  • B12
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6
Q

What is a subtype of rosacea triggered by a specific medication?

A

Steroid-induced rosacea

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7
Q

What are the risk factors for rosacea?

A
  • Fair skin

- Family history

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8
Q

What are the 4 types of rosacea, that have different presentations?

A
  • Papulopustular rosacea
  • Phymatous rosacea
  • Ocular rosacea
  • Erythematotelangiectactic rosacea
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9
Q

Which type of rosacea is the classical presentation?

A

Papulopustular rosacea

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10
Q

What are the features of papulopustular rosacea?

A
  • Red central portion of the face
  • Small erythematous papules surmounted by pinpoint pustules
  • May have flushing
  • Telangiectasia
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11
Q

What are the features of phymatous rosacea?

A
  • Marked skin thickening

- Irregular surface nodularities of nose, chin, forehead, one or both ears and/or eyelids

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12
Q

When can ocular rosacea present?

A

May precede cutaneous form by years

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13
Q

What are the ocular signs of ocular rosacea?

A
  • Blepharitis
  • Conjuctivitis
  • inflammation of lids and meibomian glands
  • Interpalpebral conjunctival hyperaemia
  • Conjunctival telangiectasia
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14
Q

What are the features of erythematotelangiectactic rosacea?

A
  • Central flushing
  • Fine textured skin
  • Erythematous areas with rough scale
  • Progression to permanent erythema and telangiectasia
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15
Q

What is central flushing in erythematotelangiectactic rosacea often associated with?

A
  • Burning
  • Stinging
  • Itching
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16
Q

What areas are often spared by redness in erythematotelangiectactic rosacea?

A

Around the eyes

17
Q

How is rosacea diagnosed?

A

Clinicallly

18
Q

What are the differentials for rosacea?

A
  • Acne
  • Peri-oral dermatitis
  • Seborrhoeic dermatitis
  • Dermatomyositis
  • Lupus
19
Q

What does the treatment of rosacea depend on?

A

The severity and type of rosacea present

20
Q

What is the main effect of rosacea?

A

Psychological implications

21
Q

What are the non-drug management options for rosacea?

A
  • Avoid aggravating factors
  • Avoid precipitating factors
  • Facial massage
  • Sunscreen application
22
Q

What should patients be reassured about in terms of rosacea?

A

It’s a benign condition with relatively rare complications

23
Q

What drugs can mild to moderate rosacea be treated with?

A
  • Topical metronidazole
24
Q

What drugs can be used for moderate to severe papulopustular rosacea?

A

Oral antibiotics

25
Q

What can occasionally be used in refractory cases of rosacea?

A

Isotretinoin

26
Q

What are some non-pharmacological therapies for rosacea?

A
  • Laser treatment

- Camouflage treatment

27
Q

What is the main complication of rosacea?

A

Rhinophyma

28
Q

What is rhinophyma?

A

Development of large, bullous nose associated with granulomatous inflammation