Ropes & Knots Flashcards
What is a line
When ropes are cut to specific lengths, they are referred to as ‘lines’. The intended use of any line will determine its construction, diameter, and length.
Properties of synthetic fibre ropes
Ability to absorb shock loads.
Ability to withstand repeated loads without failure.
Little swelling or immersion in water.
Can be stowed without degradation by rot or mildew.
Has good weight to strength ratio.
What is the standing part of the rope
The part of the line that is fixed.
What is the running end of the rope
The free end of the line.
What is a bight when using rope
The part of the line between the two ends in
which the line is doubled. When forming a
bight, the line is not crossed.
What is a loop when using rope
Formed by crossing the line over on itself.
Can be overhand or underhand.
What is a round turn when using rope
One complete line revolution around an object.
What is dressing a knot
The orientation and tightening of all the knot
parts so it is rendered ready for use.
Construction of sythentic fibre lines
ACTF&R synthetic lines are of polyamide kernmantle construction. The rope consists of a kern or core of continuous extruded filaments running the full length, designed to sustain the greatest part of the load.
The core is covered by a woven braided sheath (mantle), which supports the lesser portion of the load, but provides protection for the core against abrasion, dirt and sunlight (ultra violet rays).
This type of construction provides a rope that is strong and resistant to damage, yet is light and easy to handle.
What is a long line
ACTF&R long lines are made of 13-mm diameter kernmantle rope and are approx 15 metres long.
This line is a general-purpose line used to haul any portable equipment aloft and to lower or secure equipment. The breaking strain is approx 4000 kg with a safe working load of 500 kg.
A long line is carried on all pumping appliances stuffed into its own bag. A synthetic long line is not to be used for towing vehicles.
What is a pocket line
This is made of 6-mm diameter kernmantle rope and is 3 metres long. It can be used for securing hose to ladders, thereby relieving the branch holder of the weight of hose and water, securing the head of a ladder, or any other general-purpose need.
All Firefighters are issued with a pocket line to carry in their tunic.
What causes rope deterioration
Mechanical deterioration to external or internal due to local abrasion, cuts, contusions, overloading.
Chemical deterioration due to chemical attack, heat, sunlight.
Mildew does not affect synthetic lines but it will grow on surface impurities if lines are stored wet and dirty. Discolouration of the fibres will also occur.
How to avoid deterioration
Avoid storing lines near generators, batteries or industrial processes.
Thoroughly wash and dry any lines that have been used in mud, sand or grit.
Store lines away from exposure to heat and direct sunlight.
Know the causes of damage to lines and avoid them.
Store in bags.
When to inspect lines
Lines are to be inspected weekly (Monday check) and before, during and after use.
What to look for when inspecting lines
Any signs of local abrasion.
Sheath wear may indicate that fibres on the sheath are cut. This will produce a furry look to the line.
Any sign of cuts, nicks and contusions.
Exposed core fibres indicate damage to sheath and/or core.
Any reduction in diameter and excessive elongation of the lay.
Lack of uniformity in diameter size may indicate core damage.
Any signs of discolouration and softening or powdering of the fibres.
Discolouration and powdering indicate dirt or chemical damage.
Signs of charring, singeing or heat damage.
In synthetic lines, glossy marks can indicate heat damage.
