Breathing Apparatus Flashcards
What is the purpose of the respiratory system
To provide oxygen to the blood haemoglobin which is then pumped throughout the body by the heart.
Where does the transfer of gases happen in the respiratory system
Oxygen diffuses in through the alveoli (tiny air sacs surrounded by capillaries) and into the blood haemoglobin on inhale. A similar process diffuses carbon dioxide out of the blood into the lungs to be exhaled.
Symptoms of hyperventilation
Numbness
Tingling of the hand, face and feet
May feel dizzy, giddy or faint
Composition of air (before and after) inhalation
Before After
Nitrogen 78.09% 78.09%
Oxygen 20.95% 16.95%
Carbon Dioxide 0.04% 4.03%
Other gases 0.92% 0.92%
What are the 4 irrespirable atmospheres
Toxic Gases and fumes
Oxygen deficiency
Elevated temperature
Smoke
What creates oxygen deficiency
Oxygen can be displaced by other gases such as carbon monoxide.
Oxygen can be used by combustion.
At 1.28% Carbon monoxide in air how quickly can it cause death
Immediately or 1-3 minutes
Is carbon monoxide deadly in smaller concentrations
Yes - A smaller concentration is equally a fatal if breathed for a longer period.
How much more readily does carbon monoxide combine with the haemoglobin than oxygen
Around 200 times more readily.
Effects of excess carbon dioxide
Increased breathing Vomiting Dizziness Disorientation Headache Difficulty breathing
What temperature and above should not be entered without BA
50 degrees and above will start causing damage and could result in death.
Why does smoke occur and what is it
Rarely will perfect combustion occur in the burning process this unconsumed material escapes in the form of smoke. Consists of small particles of solid or liquid matter, principally soot, carbon and liquid hydro carbons.
When does heat exhaustion occur and what comes after
Occurs when the body’s core temperature rises and there is a fluid loss of 5% and above due to perspiration.
If this is not acted upon a more serious state known as heat stoke may occur.
Symptoms of heat exhaustion
Dizziness Lethargy Nausea Abdominal discomfort Burning sensation of the skin
Symptoms of heat stroke
Cyanosis
Speech and walking difficulties
Collapse
Unconsciousness
How to prevent heat exhaustion and heat stoke
The body’s fluid level must be maintained through frequent intake of water.