roots of liberalism (done) Flashcards
in the middle ages was there individualism
no, there were category of classes, mostly religious figures over humans
what happened in the renaissance
values began to change so more individual started showing as can be seen through art -> divine right to rule (people were designed by god to rule, kings and queens)
what happened during the age of enlightenment
importance of individuals arose, individuals are capable of governing himself
what happened as the rise of individualism happened
new ideology called liberalism formed
central idea of liberalism
the importance of individual liberty
example of cases where individual liberty was valued
- the french revolution
- the american revolution
what is a liberal democracy
form of government in which the individual rights and freedoms of individuals are guaranteed
influence of individualism no liberal democracies
- charter of rights and freedoms
- us constitution
liberalism started with individualist values but then soon incorporated
collectivist ideas
political aspects of liberalism
legal rights same for all
economic aspects of liberalism
free markets
social aspects of liberalism
individuals are the basis of society so they should be treated equally and have rights and freedoms and a quality of life
political roots of liberalism
- american revolution from the british ruling inspired other countries
- french revolution
- both seeked rights and freedom through the declaration of independence (usa) and the declaration of the rights of man (france)
upon whose ideas were the declaration of the rights of man and the declaration of independence from
enlightenment thinkers like: john locke, jean-jacques rousseau, and charles de secondat, baron de montesqueieu
rule of law
- formed during the enlightenment period
- all individuals are subject to the law
- e.g magna carta of 1215
social contract
people in society agrees to be govern to have the benefits of living in a society
haudenosaunee confederacy
- one of the first and longest lasting democracies in the world
- group of clans working together
- each have a representative chief
- common goal: to live in harmony
great law of peace
- constitution of the haudenosaunee, passed orally from generation to generation, outlined the harmony and unity between the nations
- divided powers between level of government, established equal participation, and outlined rights and freedoms
influence of the haudenosaunee
influenced the constitution which in turn influence the canadian founding fathers
john stuart mill
- “On Liberty” essay helped the origins of liberal thought, published during the industrial revolution
- attempts to prove the benefits of individualism by limiting the role of the government
- he believed that the government only has three rules: preserve the law, protect private property and ensure the security of the individual
- believed it was dangerous to silence individuals
- what ifs prevented
adam smith
- “father of capitalism”
- challenged mercantilism; it didnt distribute wealth very well; played favourites
- believed in competition; “invisible hand”
- against government intervention/limited government control
modern liberalism
- limited government intervention
- equality for all individuals
- freedoms for all
classical liberalism
- freedoms of individuals in economic affairs
- max freedoms and rights for certain individuals
- minimum government interventionm
mercantilism
country should export more than it should import, accumulate wealth in gold and silver, and protect the economy by taxing and setting quotas
physiocrats
adam smith, anne-robert-jacques turgot, francis quesnay– tries to describe what the natural laws of an economy might be if there were no government control or intervention
laissez-fare
- “leave alone”: self interest
monopolies
- where only one or two companies make a product
- lack of competition resulting in poor product
meritocracy
individuals rewarded based on their abilities and hardwork
laissez faire capitalism
no government control
