Roots, Big Ideas, And Critical Thinking Tools

Question 0

Define Structuralism

Answer 0

Identifies building blocks of human experience

Question 1

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 1

• Established first psychology lab in Germany (1879)

- Represented Structuralism and Introspection

Question 2

William James

Answer 2

Represented Functionalism

Famous for recruiting Mary Calkins (first woman president of APA)

Question 3

What is Functionalism?

Answer 3

Describes human behavior in terms of their evolutionary purpose

Question 4

Mary Whiton Calkins

Answer 4

• First woman president of the APA (American Psychological Association)
• Famous for memory research

Question 5

Margaret Washburn

Answer 5

First woman to receive Ph.D in psychology

Question 6

Define Behaviorists

Answer 6

Explains psychology through observations

Question 7

Define humanistic psychologists

Answer 7

How a positive environment fosters personal growth and to our needs of love and acceptance

Question 8

Sigmund Freud

Answer 8

Presented idea of the id, ego, and superego

Question 9

Explain the id, ego, and superego

Answer 9

id: primal wants/needs
superego: balances id and is our idea of our perfect selves
ego: sense of self

Question 10

What is psychology?

Answer 10

Science of behavior and mental processes

Question 11

Name the 7 psychology sub fields

Answer 11

Neuroscience
Evolutionary
Behavior Genetics
Psychodynamic(unconscious drives)
Behavioral
Cognitive (how we encode, process, store, and retrieve info.)
Social-Cultural

Question 12

What are the Four Big Ideas of psychology?

Answer 12

1) Critical thinking is smart thinking
2) Behavior is a biopsychosocial event
3) Dual processing (conscious and unconscious)
4) Explores human strengths as well as challenges

Question 13

Explain idea 2

Answer 13

Our behavior and mental processes are influenced by

• Biological
• Psychological
• Social-Cultural

Question 14

What are the 3 pillars to idea 4?

Answer 14

1) Positive emotions
2) Positive character
3) Positive groups, communities, and cultures

Question 15

Explain Basic Goals in psychology

Answer 15

To explain, predict, and describe fundamental properties of behavior [WITHIN AND GENERAL]

Question 16

Explain Applied Goals in psychology

Answer 16

Solve real-world problems

[OUTSIDE AND SPECIFIC]

Question 17

What are the 3 basic attitudes of the scientific attitude?

Answer 17

1) Curiosity: Keep asking Q’s
2) Skeptical: What do you mean? How do you know? (Not cynical)
3) Humility: Accept your mistakes

Question 18

Explain the process of the scientific method

Answer 18

Build theory
Create hypotheses
Research & observations/replicate

Leads to refining theory

Question 19

Descriptive method

Basic purpose, how conducted, and weaknesses

Answer 19

BP: To observe and record behavior

HC: Case studies, surveys, or naturalistic observations

W: No control of variables; single cases may be misleading

Question 20

Correlational method

Basic purpose, how conducted, and weaknesses

Answer 20

BP: Detect naturally occurring relationships; assess how well one variable PREDICTS another

HC: Statistical association, sometimes among survey responses

W: Does NOT specify cause-effect, only association

Question 21

Experimental method

Basic purpose, how conducted, and weaknesses

Answer 21

BP: Explore cause-effect

HC: Manipulate one or more factors

W: At times, not possible for ethics or practical reasons; results may not generalize to other contexts

Question 22

What is a positive and negative correlation?

Answer 22

Positive: Both variables are DIRECTLY associated

Negative: INDIRECTLY associated

Question 23

What is an illusory correlation? Why does it happen?

Answer 23

Perception of correlation when one does not exist.

We are bias to look for correlations in random instances and ignore when correlation does not happen

Question 24

What is a double-blind procedure?

Answer 24

Both participants and research staff are ignorant to who receives treatment or placebo

Question 25

René Descartes

Answer 25

Represented dualism

Mind and body are separate; body influences soul and vice versa through pineal gland