Roots Flashcards
Two types of germination:
Epigeal and Hypogeal Germination
4 main functions of roots
Anchoring
Absorbing
Producing Hormones
Storing Organic Nutrients
Three types of root systems:
Fibrous, Taproot system and Adventitious roots
What type of root system do dicots usually have?
Taproot system
What kind of roots emerge from the main taproot?
Lateral roots or branches
Arise from stems or leaves
Adventitious roots
Function of storage roots
stores carbohydrates
Storage root examples
Carrots, cassava, kamote, radish
Prop roots are modified what? Function?
Adventitious roots, mechanical support/stabilizer
Where are pneumatophores usually located
Mangroves
Where are pneumatophores usually located
Mangroves
Modified aerial roots that function for architectural support
Buttress roots
Root nodules contain ___ that ___
Bacteria, facilitate nitrogen fixation for the plant
Where are actively dividing meristems located in the root?
Zone of division
Where growth and length occur
Root tip
Protects the root apical meristems from damage
Root cap
Above the RAM is the
Zone of elongation
Where are root hairs located
Zone of maturation/differentiation
Are cells in the zone of elongation differentiated?
No
The apical meristem gives rise to the
Three primary meristems: Protoderm, Ground meristem, Procambium
The xylem is composed of what type of cells
Sclerenchyma cells
The innermost layer of the cortex
Endodermis
In roots, the stele is arranged in a
Vascular cylinder
The endodermis is still part of the ___
Cortex
Surrounds the vascular cylinder of the root
Pericycle
Why are Xylem walls thick?
Because they have secondary walls (sclerenchyma cells)
Phloems have
Sieve tubes and companion cells
Direction of Xylem differentiation
Exarch
Monocots have a core of
Parenchyma cells
Monocots usually have many protoxylem poles
True
The core of parenchyma cells in monocots is called the
Pith
The endodermis forms a boundary with the
vascular cylinder
Route going through the cell wall
Apoplastic route
Lateral roots arise from
within the pericycle
Lateral root vs root hair
Lateral roots are organs and arise from the pericycle
Cork cambium, otherwise known as
Phellogen
Periderm is composed of the
Phellem (Cork cells)
Phellogen (Cork cambium)
Phelloderm (Cork parenchyma)
Periderm is composed of the
Phellem (Cork cells)
Phellogen (Cork cambium)
Phelloderm (Cork parenchyma)
