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Botany Review > Plant Cells and Tissues > Flashcards

Plant Cells and Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Plants being living organisms are composed of?

A

Cells

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2
Q

Group of cells that perform specialized functions

A

Tissues

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3
Q

Several tissue types that carry out a specific function

A

Organs

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4
Q

Three basic cell types in plants:

A

Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma

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5
Q

The three basic cell types are based off of their?

A

Cell wall composition

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6
Q

PARENCHYMA:

A

Thin primary walls
Typically alive at maturity
Many functions (metabolic functions)

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7
Q

COLLENCHYMA:

A

Uneven thickened primary walls
Typically alive at maturity
Provides flexible support

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8
Q

Collenchyma provides flexible support without ___

A

Restraining growth

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9
Q

SCLERENCHYMA:

A
  • primary walls + thick secondary walls
  • many dead at maturity
  • provide RIGID support
  • some (tracheary elements) are involved in water transport
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10
Q

Cell type that acts as the skeleton of the plant:

A

Sclerenchyma

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11
Q

Cell walls of parenchyma composition?

A

Mostly cellulose

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12
Q

Do parenchyma cells have secondary walls?

A

No

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13
Q

Perform most of the cells’ metabolic function

A

Parenchyma cells

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14
Q

Are parenchyma cells totipotent?

A

Yes

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15
Q

A mature parenchyma usually has a ___

A

Large central vacuole

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16
Q

Parenchyma subtype with big intracellular spaces; function?

A

Aerenchyma, for gas exchange

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17
Q

Subtype of parenchyma for Photosynthesis

A

Chlorenchyma

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18
Q

The thin walls of chlorenchyma cells function for

A

Light absorption

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19
Q

Mesophyll layers contain ___ cells

A

Chlorenchyma

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20
Q

Parenchyma subtype for protection

A

Boundary parenchyma

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21
Q

The cuticle protects against?

A

Injury, water loss and infection

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22
Q

Parenchyma subtype for storage

A

Storage parenchyma

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23
Q

Potato tuber is a modified ___

A

Stem

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24
Q

Subtype of parenchyma that keeps the plant growing

A

Meristematic parenchyma

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25
Q

Where are meristematic parenchyma located?

A

Terminal ends; Root and Shoot apical meristem

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26
Q

Meristematic parenchyma are ___ active

A

Mitotically

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27
Q

Lateral meristems:

A

Vascular and Cork cambium

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28
Q

Collenchyma cells are usually grouped in ___

A

Strands

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29
Q

Collenchyma cells have secondary walls?

A

No

30
Q

Collenchyma cells can be found immediately after the ___

A

Epidermis

31
Q

Types of cell wall thickening in collenchyma cells

A

Angular
Tangential
Annular
Lacunar

32
Q

Sclerenchyma cells have thick secondary walls with ___

A

Lignin (NonCarbohydrate)

33
Q

Why are sclerenchyma cells dead at maturity?

A

To serve their function for structural support

34
Q

Two types of Sclerenchyma cells:

A

Sclereids and Fibers

35
Q

Protects the bulb scale of garlic

A

Epidermal sclereids

36
Q

Vessels and Tracheids can be found in the ___

A

Xylem

37
Q

Vessels are ___ compared to tracheids

A

Wider and shorter, with thinner secondary walls

38
Q

In between vessels, there are ___

A

Perforation plates

39
Q

In tracheids, water moves through the ___

A

Pits

40
Q

Bordered pitted is more ___ than simple pitted

A

Durable

41
Q

Two types of tissues in plants

A

Simple and Complex

42
Q

Two types of water conducting cells in Xylem

A

Tracheids and Vessel elements

43
Q

Tracheids are found in ___

A

All vascular plants

44
Q

Vessel elements are ___

A

Common to most angiosperms and a few gymnosperms

45
Q

The phloem is composed of

A

Sugar conducting cells

46
Q

Types of Sugar conducting cells:

A

Sieve tube elements and Sieve plates

47
Q

Each sieve tube element has a ___

A

Companion cell

48
Q

In between two sieve tube elements, there are ___

A

Sieve plates

49
Q

Each plant organ has ___, ___, and ___

A

dermal, vascular and ground tissues

49
Q

Each plant organ has ___, ___, and ___

A

dermal, vascular and ground tissues

50
Q

The veins of leaves are ___ tissues.

A

Vascular

51
Q

Tissue system that is the outer protective covering of the plant

A

Dermal tissue system

52
Q

Tissue system that carries out long distance transport of materials between roots and shoots

A

Vascular tissue system

53
Q

Conveys WATER and dissolved minerals upwards from roots into the shoots

A

Xylem

54
Q

Conveys WATER and dissolved minerals upwards from roots into the shoots

A

Xylem

55
Q

Transports ORGANIC NUTRIENTS from where they are made to where they are needed

A

Phloem

56
Q

Collective term for the vascular tissue of a stem or root

A

Stele

57
Q

In angiosperms, the stele of the root is a solid central ___

A

Vascular cylinder

58
Q

The vascular tissue of stems and leaves is divided into ___, strands of xylem and phloem.

A

Vascular bundles

59
Q

Tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular

A

Ground tissue system

60
Q

Ground tissue internal to the vascular tissue

A

Pith

61
Q

Ground tissue external to the vascular tissue

A

Cortex

62
Q

Perpetually embryonic, dividing tissues, that allow for indeterminate growth

A

Meristems

63
Q

Where are apical meristems located?

A

Tips of roots
Tips of shoots
Axillary buds of shoots

64
Q

Elongation of shoots and roots

A

Primary growth

65
Q

Addition of thickness or girth to woody plants

A

Secondary growth

66
Q

Adds layers of vascular tissue called secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem

A

Vascular cambium

67
Q

Replaces epidermis with periderm, which is thicker and tougher

A

Cork cambium

68
Q

Do monocots undergo secondary growth?

A

No

69
Q

Can primary and secondary growth occur simultaneously?

A

Yes, but in different locations.

Botany Review (4 decks)

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