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root words Flashcards

1
Q

intra-

A

within, inside

intracellular, within a cell

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2
Q

io-

A

violet

iodine, a chemical element that produces a violet vapor

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3
Q

iso-

A

equal, same

iostonic, having the same osmotic pressure in comparison with another

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4
Q

-itis

A

inflammation of

colitis, inflammation of the large intestine

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5
Q

-karyo, -caryon

A

a seed, nut

eukaryote, a cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus

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6
Q

kin-

A

movement

streptokinase, an enzyme that lyses or moves fibrin

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7
Q

lactic-

A

milk

lactose, the sugar of milk

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8
Q

Leuko -

A

whiteness

leukocyte, a white blood cell

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9
Q

lip- lipo-

A

fat, lipid

lipase, an enzyme that breaks down fats

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10
Q

-logy

A

the study of

pathology, the study of changes in structure and function brought on by disease

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11
Q

lute-, luteo-

A

yellow

micrococcus lutes has yellow colonies

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12
Q

-lysis

A

loosening

hydrolysis, chemical decomposition of a compound into into other compounds as a result of taking up water

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13
Q

macro-

A

largeness

macromolecules, large molecules like lipids, proteins and carbohydrates

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14
Q

meningo-

A

membrane

meningitis, inflammation of the membranes of the brain

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15
Q

meso-

A

middle

mesophile, an organism whose optimum temperature is in the middle range

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16
Q

meta-

A

beyond, between, transition

metabolism, chemical changes occurring within a living organism

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17
Q

micro -

A

smallness

microscope, an instrument used to make small objects appear large

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18
Q

-monas

A

a unit

Methylomonas, a unit that utilizes methane as its carbon source

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19
Q

mono-

A

singleness

monotrichous, having one flagellum

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20
Q

moropho-

A

form

morphology, the study of the form and structure of organisms

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21
Q

multi-

A

many

multinuclear, having several nuclei

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22
Q

mur-

A

wall

murrain, a component of bacterial cell walls

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23
Q

mus-, muri-

A

mouse

murein typhus, a form of typhus endemic in mice

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24
Q

mut-

A

to change

mutation, a sudden change in characteristics

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25
Q

myco-, -mycetoma, -myces

A

a fungus

saccharomyces, sugar fungus, a genus of yeast

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26
Q

myxo-

A

slime, mucus

myxobacterials, an order of slime-producing bacteria

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27
Q

necro-

A

a corpse

necrosis, cell death or death of a portion of tissue

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28
Q

-nema

A

a thread

treponema has long, threadlike cells

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29
Q

nigr-

A

black

Aspergillus niger, a fungus that produces black condia

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30
Q

ob-

A

before, against

obstruction, impending or blocking up

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31
Q

oculo-

A

eye

monocular, pertaining to one eye

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32
Q

-oecium, ecium

A

a house

perithecium, an ascus with an opening that encloses spores

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33
Q

-oid

A

like, resembling

coccoid, resembling a coccus

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34
Q

olio-

A

small, few

oligosaccharide, a carbohydrate composed of a few

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35
Q

-oma

A

tumor

lymphoma, a tumor of the lymphatic tissues

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36
Q

ortho-

A

straight, direct

orthomyxovirus, a virus with a straight, tubular capsid

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37
Q

-osis, -sis

A

condition of

lysis, the condition of loosening, symbiosis, the condition of living together

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38
Q

pan-

A

all universal

pandemic, an epidemic affecting a large region

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39
Q

para-

A

beside, near

parasite, an organism the “feeds beside” another

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40
Q

peri-

A

around

peritrichous, projections from all sides

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41
Q

phaeo-

A

brown

phaeophyta, brown algae

42
Q

phago-

A

eat

phagocyte, a cell that engulfs and digests particles or cells

43
Q

-phil, philo-

A

liking, preferring

thermophile, an organism that prefers high temperatures

44
Q

-phore

A

bears, carries

conidophore, a hypha that bears condia

45
Q

-phyll

A

leaf

chlorophyll, the green pigment in leaves

46
Q

-phyte

A

plant

saprophyte, a plant that nutrients from decomposing organic matter

47
Q

pil-

A

a hair

pilus, a hairlike projection from a cell

48
Q

plankto-

A

wandering, roaming

plankton, organisms drifting or wandering in water

49
Q

-pnoea, -pnea

A

breathing

dyspnea, difficulty in breathing

50
Q

pod-

A

foot

psuedopod, footlike structure

51
Q

poly-

A

many

polymorphism, many forms

52
Q

post-

A

after, behind

posterior, a place behind a part

53
Q

pre-, pro-

A

before, ahead of

prokaryote, a cell without a nucleus; pregnant, before birth

54
Q

pseudo-

A

false

pseudopod, false foot

55
Q

psychro-

A

cold

psychrophile, an organism that grows best at low temperatures

56
Q

pyo-

A

pus

pyogenic, pus forming

57
Q

rhabdo-

A

stick, rod

rhabdovirus, an elongated, bullet-shaped virus

58
Q

rhin-

A

nose

rhinitis, inflammation of mucous membranes in the nose

59
Q

rhino-

A

root

rhizobium, a bacterium that grows in plant roots; mycorrhiza, a fungus that grows in or on roots

60
Q

Rhoda-, rubric-

A

red

rhodospirillum, red-pigmented, spiral-shaped bacteria

61
Q

rumin-

A

throat

ruminococcus, a bacterium associated with a rumen (modified esophagus)

62
Q

asccharo-

A

sugar

disaccharide, a sugar consisting of two simple sugars

63
Q

sapr-

A

rotten

saprolegnia, a fungus that lives on dead animals

64
Q

schizo-

A

split

schizomycetes, organisms that reproduce by splitting and an early names for bacteria

65
Q

scolec-

A

worm

scolex, the “head” of a tapeworm

66
Q

-scope, -scopic

A

watcher

microscope, an instrument used to watch small things

67
Q

semi-

A

half

semicircular, having the form of a half circle

68
Q

sept-

A

rotting

septic, presence or bacteria that could cause decomposition

69
Q

siphon-

A

tube

Siphonaptera, the order of fleas, insects with tubular mouths

70
Q

soma-

A

body

somatic cells, cells of the body other than gametes

71
Q

speci-

A

particular things

species, the smallest group of organisms with similar properties; specify, to indicate exactly

72
Q

spiro-

A

coil

spirochete, a bacterium with a coiled cell

73
Q

sporo-

A

spore

sporangium, a structure that holds spores

74
Q

staphylo-

A

clusters

staphylococcus, a bacterium that forms grape-like clusters of cells

75
Q

-stasis

A

arrest, fixation

bacteriostasis of bacterial growth

76
Q

strepto-

A

twisted

streptococcus, a bacterium that forms twisted chains of cell

77
Q

sub-

A

beneath, under

subcutaneous, just under the skin

78
Q

super-

A

above, upon

superior, the quality or state of being above others

79
Q

sym-, syn-

A

together, with

synapse, the region of communication between two neurons

80
Q

-taxi

A

to touch

chemotaxis, response to the presence of chemicals

81
Q

therm

A

heat

thermos, a bacterium that grows in hot springs

82
Q

thio-

A

sulfur

thiobacillus, a bacterium capable of oxidizing sulfur-containing compounds

83
Q

-tone, -tonic

A

strength

hypotonic, having less strength

84
Q

tox-

A

poison

antitoxin, effective against poison

85
Q

trans-

A

across, through

transport, movement of substances

86
Q

tri-

A

three

trimester, 3 months period

87
Q

rich-

A

a hair

peritrichous, hairlike projections from cells

88
Q

-troph

A

food

autotrophic, organism that can make its own food

89
Q

-ty

A

condition of, state

immunity, the condition of being resistant to disease or infection

90
Q

undul-

A

wavy

undulating, rising and falling, presenting a wavy appearance

91
Q

uni

A

one

unicellular, pertaining to one cell

92
Q

vaccin-

A

cow

vaccination, injection of a vaccine (first true vaccine used cow pox virus)

93
Q

vacu-

A

empty

vacuoles, an intercellular space that appears empty

94
Q

vesic-

A

bladder

vesicle, a bubble

95
Q

vitr-

A

glass

in vitro, in culture media in a glass container

96
Q

-vorous

A

to eat

carnivore, an animal that eats other animals

97
Q

xantho-

A

yellow

xanthomonas, produces yellow colonies

98
Q

xeno-

A

strange

axenic, sterile, free of strange organisms

99
Q

Xero-

A

dry

xerophyte, any plant that tolerates dry conditions

100
Q

zoo-

A

animal

zoology, the study of animals

101
Q

-zyme

A

ferment

enzyme, any protein in living cells that catalyzes chemical reactions

biology 2400 (5 decks)

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