Root of the neck Flashcards
The phrenic nerve is closely associated with which of the following structures in the root of the neck?
A)Vagus NerveB)Anterior Scalene MuscleC)Inferior Thyroid ArteryD)ClavicleE)Superior Cervical Ganglion
B. The phrenic nerve lies on the anterior aspect of the anterior scalene muscle as it passes inferiorly towards the thorax. As it passes inferiorly, the phrenic nerve passes posterior to the subclavian vein and anterior to the subclavian artery in the root of the neck.
Blockage of the internal thoracic artery would mean that the upper two intercostal spaces would receive blood through the posterior intercostal arteries. The posterior intercostal arteriesto these spaces arise from which major branch of the subclavian artery?
A)Thyrocervical TrunkB)Supreme Intercostal ArteryC)Costocervical TrunkD)Dorsal Scapular Artery
C.The posterior intercostal arteries to the upper two intercostal spaces arise from the supreme intercostal artery, which is a branch of the costocervical trunk. The key in this question is the “major branch of the subclavian artery,” so the supreme intercostal artery is not the correct answer as it does not immediately arise from the subclavian artery.
Name the part of the vertebral artery that is visible in the space between the rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior, and obliquus capitis muscles.
A)Cranial B)Vertebral C)CervicalD)Suboccipital
D.The space between the three muscles is the Suboccipital triangle. The vertebral artery is seen passing through this space and at this point is known as the Suboccipital part of the vertebral artery.
Which muscle is responsible for anatomically dividing the subclavian artery into its three parts?
A)Anterior scalene muscleB)Pectoralisminor muscleC)Subclavius muscleD)Pectoralis major muscleE)Sternocleidomastoid muscle
A. The anterior scalene muscle separates the subclavian artery into its three parts as it attaches to rib I.
The brachiocephalic veins are formed by the meeting of the subclavian vein and which vein?
A)Anterior Jugular VeinB)Retromandibular VeinC)Vertebral VeinD)External Jugular VeinE)Internal Jugular Vein
E. The brachiocephalic vein is formed by the meeting of the subclavian vein and the internal jugular vein at the venous angle.
The cardiac nervesfrom the superior cervical ganglioncarry which fibers?
A)Preganglionic parasympatheticB)Preganglionic sympatheticC)Postganglionic parasympathetic D)Postganglionic sympathetic
D.The cardiac nerves are postganglionic branches of the sympathetic nervous system, so they carry postganglionic sympathetic fibers.Not to be confused with cervical cardiac nerves that arise from the Vagus nerve and carry general visceral parasympathetic fibers.
The inferior laryngeal artery arises from which major branch of the subclavian artery?
A)Thyrocervical trunkB)Costocervical trunkC)Dorsal scapular arteryD)Thoracoacromial artery
A. The inferior laryngeal artery is a branch of the inferior thyroid artery, which arises from the thyrocervical trunk.
The inferior laryngeal nerve is a terminal branch of which of the following?Be Specific.
A)The Sympathetic TrunkB)The Phrenic NerveC)The Recurrent Laryngeal NerveD)The Spinal Accessory NerveE)The Hypoglossal Nerve
C.The recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of the Vagus nerve. On the left-hand side, this nerve curves around the ligamentum arteriosus (arch of the aorta) and returns to the larynx. Upon reaching the larynx, the nerve passes over thecricothyroid joint and becomes the inferior laryngeal nerve.
The inferior laryngeal artery anastomoses with an artery that arises from which branch of the external carotid artery?
A.Superior thyroid arteryB.Ascending pharyngeal arteryC.Lingual arteryD.Facial arteryE.Occipital artery
A. The inferior laryngeal artery anastomoses with the superior laryngeal artery, which arises from the superior thyroid artery. The superior thyroid artery is the first branch of the external carotid artery.
When the thyroid ima artery is present, it most commonly arises from which artery?
A)Subclavian arteryB)External carotid arteryC)Internal carotid arteryD)Thyrocervical trunkE)Brachiocephalic trunk
E. The thyroid ima artery is present in about 10% of cases and most commonly arises from the brachiocephalic trunk.
