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Histology > Root and Periodontium > Flashcards

Root and Periodontium Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the periodontium?

A

cementum, alveolar bone, PDL, gingiva (tooth associated and gingival ligaments)

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2
Q

What defines the edge of the enamel organ during the bell stage?

A

cervical loop: a crown structure

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3
Q

What defines the forming root?

A

HERS: bilayer of inner and outer epithelium

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4
Q

What is HERS derived from?

A

cervical loop, extension of enamel organ, transforms from cervical loop

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5
Q

What is the function of HERS?

A

defines size and shape, and number of roots (canals) - morphogenesis
induces root odontoblast differentiation

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6
Q

How do get multiple roots?

A

epithelial growth - epithelial interradicular processes = tongues of epithelium growing toward one another to form canals

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7
Q

What becomes of HERS?

A

disintegrates shortly after inducing root odontoblast differentiation, some cells become epithelial rests of malassez

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8
Q

What are ERM?

A

remnant of HERS; appear as clumps in PDL surrounded by basement membrane, can be close or far from root

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9
Q

What is function of ERM?

A

can cause cysts, speculated to be involved in perio homeostasis or regeneration - not proven

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10
Q

What is the process of cell differentiation for root dentin?

A

ectomesenchyme -> dental papilla -> pre-odontoblasts -> odontoblasts

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11
Q

What are the types of dentin?

A

mantle, circumpulpal, predentin, primary/2˚/3˚ etc

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12
Q

What defines the types of cementum?

A

presence/absence of cells within its matrix and origin of major collagen fibers of matrix

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13
Q

What are the major types of cementum?

A 
acellular = acellular extrinsic fiber cementum = 1˚; covers 2/3 root
cellular = cellular intrinsic fiber cementum = 2˚; covers apical 1/3 root
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14
Q

what cells make up CIFC?

A

mix of acellular and cellular layers

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15
Q

Which type of cementum is formed first?

A

acellular

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16
Q

Special functions of cementum?

A 
attachment = impt for strong periodontal structure; cement tooth in socket (Acellular primarily) 
protecting = root from resorption and repairing resorption pits
adjusting = tooth position (cellular only)
sealing = dentin tubules - hydrodynamic theory of dental sensitivity, inhibiting bacterial invasion
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17
Q

cementum composition

A

similar to bone, dentin

  • 50% inorganic: mineral HA
  • 35% organic: collagen type I, non-collagenous proteins and glycosaminoglycans (10%)
  • 15% water
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18
Q

physiology of cementum

A

avascular, non-innervated, no turnover (growth by apposition)

19
Q

Most to least frequently observed CEJ relationships

A

overlap > mett > gap

varies by tooth and location

20
Q

What cells come from dental follicle?

A

cementoblasts, PDL fibroblasts, osteoblasts

21
Q

before cementum can form

A

root dentin must be formed and HERS disintegrates exposing root dentin surface

22
Q

what is the major fiber group for acellular cementum?

A

extrinsic fibers, critical to function of acellular cementum

23
Q

What are sharpey’s fibers?

A

mineralized collagen fiber bundles providing strong anchorage of tooth-PDL-bone

24
Q

What does the fiber fringe form when engulfed and mineralized?

A

Sharpey’s fibers

25
Q

Where is cellular cementum minimal?

A

incisors and canines = little role in tooth attachment

26
Q

What does cellular cementum do?

A

“adaptive cementum”; maintains tooth in occlusal position by compensating for enamel attrition through life
- can repair cementum resorption anywhere in root

27
Q

what is cementoid equivalent to?

A

predentin or osteoid

28
Q

What type of cementum continues to grow slowly throughout life?

A

acellular and cellular

29
Q

What forms the socket that holds the tooth?

A

alveolar process/bone

30
Q

How does alveolar bone appear on radiograph?

A

radiopaque, see lamina dura

- there is increased radiopacity from thick bone w/o trabeculation (NOT b/c increased mineral content)

31
Q

What is a cribriform plate?

A

structure pierced by many small holes

32
Q

What are the cells of alveolar bone?

A

osteoblast, osteocyte, bone lining cells: all mesenchymal derived
osteocylast: hematopoietic stem cell/monocyte derived

33
Q

What is the role of “clasts” in resorption?

A

normal remodeling of alveolar bone - FASTEST in body
normal bone resorption allowing tooth eruption
normal tooth resorption when deciduous teeth exfoliated
abnormal when clasts resorb the roots of permanent teeth!

34
Q

mechanostat theory of bone loading

A

bone loading causes growth, bone unloading causes loss

35
Q

What is the soft fibrous CT b/t tooth and alveolar bone?

A

PDL

36
Q

What is a ligament?

A

fibrous CT connecting bone to bone

37
Q

composition of PDL

A

ground substance, collagen fibers, oxytalan fibers

38
Q

What is ground substance?

A

amorphous background material, proteins, proteoglycans, water

39
Q

what are the collagen fibers in PDL?

A

collagen types I, III, XII major types, fiber bundles (spliced rope), 97% of fibers

40
Q

oxytalan fibers

A

small elastic fibers, support collagen fibers and blood vessel walls, 3% of fibers, NO elastic fiber bundles = PDL is more stiff for withstanding forces

41
Q

stages of PDL formation

A

pre-emergence (disorganized fibers), pre-functional, functional

  • as fibers organize they are more perpendicular/oblique to root/bone
  • cementum is attachment point
42
Q

What are large forces across short distances via hard teeth?

A

mastication - can damage teeth and supporting tissues unless controlled via peripheral feedback

43
Q

What provides sensory feedback on tooth position, bite force, presence of objects b/t teeth (proprioception)?

A

periodontal complex

Histology (5 decks)

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