Rome, Chinese, Arab, Ayurvedic

Question 1

What time was Hippocrates alive?

Answer 1

460-377 BC8

Question 2

What was Hippocrates best known for?

Answer 2

• Hippocratic Oath

- First to develop a school of medicine by writing it down ad having others follow it.

Question 3

What is Empedocles known for?

Answer 3

4 elements (earth wind water fire)

Question 4

How are the four elements related to the four humors?

Answer 4

Air= Yellow Bile  (Bilious)
Wet
Water= Phlegm  (Phegmatic)
Cool
Earth= Black Bile (Choleric)
Dry
Fire= Blood (Sanguid)
Hot
Air= Continued...

Question 5

Why were the four humors regarded as a medical reference?

Answer 5

it is a ‘qualitative’ explanation of change that reflects the harmonious balance between our body and our elements

Question 6

Name the corresponding personalities:

• Sanguid
• Phlegmatic
• Choleric
• Bilious

Answer 6

S: upbeat, motivated, go-getter
P: Lazy, mopey, laissaiz-faire
C: quick to get mad. irritable
B: complaining, victimizing, mad

Question 7

Three methods of Bleeding

Answer 7

• lancet
• cupping
• leeches

Question 8

Galen of Pergamon:

Answer 8

• father of scientific medicine/anatomy
• physician to gladiators (deep knowledge of anatomy)
• personal physician to Marcus Aurelius
• dissection was forbidden, and he was able to develop a system of anatomy (animal anatomy).
• first to prove that arteries contained blood, not air

Question 9

why was Galen’s work able to survive the dark ages?

Answer 9

it wasn’t science vs religion, it was religion proven by science.
(he believed that the human body was evidence of god’s divine work).

Question 10

Galen physiology was the medical truth until when?

Answer 10

scientific revolution in 1600s

Question 11

Abbasid Caliphate

Answer 11

• golden age of medicine for Arab culture
• during Dark Age of Europe
• Calid Huran al-Rashid translated all the old texts from Galen, Hippocrates, etc.
• Founded the first Hospital
• unsurpassed medical establishments for learning/practicing
• pharmacy

Question 12

Cordova, 13th Century

Answer 12

epicenter for culture, had presence of Roman, Muslims. Major area for medical advancement when under Muslim rule.

• “golden age of medicine”.
• doctors were also philosophers and men of faith
• home to teachers and students
• medicine was a part of the library

Question 13

Golden Diaspora

Answer 13

• jews of Moorish spain had it pretty good
• got on well with moors and Christians
• 13th Century Spain

Question 14

Hildegard of Bingen

Answer 14

nun in 1100 Germany.
“green health of the natural world” + “holistic health of a person”. Approached medicine like gardening,
a well noted saint and healer.

Question 15

Salerno Medical School

Answer 15

• first medical school
• Italy
• founded 9th century
• in its prime in 10th-13th century
• women were permitted to study (gynos)

Question 16

In what century was there a biological revolution in the sense that it was allowable to dissect criminals?

Answer 16

13th

Question 17

What was the overlying theology for Chinese medical practice?

Answer 17

• fighting against disease
• keeping fit
• seeking longevity

Question 18

how long has Chinese traditional medicine been around?

Answer 18

3-4000 years (Paleolithic/Neolithic)

Question 19

moxibustion

Answer 19

Chinese traditional medicine:

• Heating up objects and using for care.
• hot stones, acupuncture, etc.

Question 20

who invented drugs? (material medica/pharmacopeia)

Answer 20

Traditional Chinese Medicine

Question 21

What is a major difference between western and Chinese medicine?

Answer 21

Western: Dramatic, acute results. A problem: chronic.

Chinese: Promotes healthy lifestyle. This is a life-long healing. Work on your chi. prevent disease

Question 22

What are the four departments for medicine in the Imperial court of Zhou Dynasty?

Answer 22

• internal medicine
• ulcerative (external medicine)
• dietary therapy
• veterinary medicine

Question 23

what are the four diagnostic methods of TCM?

Answer 23

• inspection (looking)
• auscultation and olfaction (listening and smelling)
• Interrogation (Asking)
• palpation (feeling)

Question 24

Bian Que

Answer 24

Chinese doctor (475-221 BC or thereabouts) who normalized the practice of taking the pulse for medical purposes. Set the standard

Question 25

Shennong

Answer 25

founder of agriculture, explorer of plants as remedies.

-what is toxic in large doses may be helpful in small doses

Question 26

1368-1910 was known as what age?

Answer 26

the great age of travel (also the great age of spreading disease)

Question 27

Name some of the successes of the Wenbing Xuepai seasonal febrile disease school

Answer 27

• B-encephalitis
• acute viral hepatitis
• influenza
• humanpox inoculation

Question 28

What are the five TCM elements, and what they correlate with?

Answer 28

• Wood: gall bladder
• Fire: heart, blood
• Earth: mouth muscle
• Metal: lungs, ntestine
• Water: kidney, bladder

Question 29

how do the five TCM elements relate to yin and yang?

Answer 29

yin yang is invisible and tangible structures which are intertwined with the five elements.

Question 30

In Ayurvedic medicine health is not simply the freedom from the disease, but the sate of the individual. This constitutes of four categories:

Answer 30

Dosas: harmony existing among the function units
Agnis: digestive and metabolic mechanisms
Dhatus: structural elements
Malas: waste product

Question 31

Ayurvedic medicine: Peoples should be in excellent state of what three human elements?

Answer 31

• spirit
• senses
• mind

Question 32

what were the eight branches of Ayurvedic medicine?

Answer 32

• internal
• surgery
• disease of eyes, ears, nose, throat
• toxicology
• seizures by evil spirits and other mental disorders
• pediatrics
• geriatrics
• sexology/aphrodisiac

Question 33

what are the three factors of the holistic approach of Ayurvedic medicine?

Answer 33

disease free
mind
spiritually elevated

Question 34

what are the treatments in the holistic approach of ayurvedic medicine?

Answer 34

• medicine
• food
• codes of conduct
• ritual (religion)

Question 35

What two elements make a good Ayurvedic healer/practitioner?

Answer 35

• clinical knowledge

- book of secrets (usually passed down from father)

Question 36

Where was Ayurvedic medicine based?

Who ruled it during its medical era?

Answer 36

• Goa, Portugal

- Portugese, many hindu dynasties, ottoman empire, arabs.

Question 37

Whats a Pandit, what its importance to Ayurvedic medicine? What brought about their importance?

Answer 37

When the portugese took over Goa again all the records were destroyed (inquisition). Afterwards there was a major cholera epidemic, and the Pandits really shined. This gained respect for the Hindu physicians, and recognized that they did good work. These physicians were called Pandits, and they were so sought after that they became the personal physicians for viceroys and other clergy.

Question 38

What was the purpose for introducing medical licencing?

Answer 38

To keep Pandits away from western patients. They were recognized in such high regard that they needed to put limitations on their practice, and also keep the elite away from the pandits.

Question 39

what was the downfall of the Pandits?

Answer 39

inquisition arrived, the Indians fled to other countries. Then the dutch took over, and finally the Portugese conquer again, re-establishing medical superiority.