Rome and the Mediterranean Flashcards
What years was Rome considered a monarchy?
753-509 BCE
What years was Rome considered a Republic? (3)
Early Republic- 509-280/264 BCE
Middle Republic- 280/264- 133 BCE
Late Republic- 133-31 BCE
What years was Rome considered an Empire?
31 BCE- 476?491?565?634?1071?1453?
Who was Polybius?
Contemporary source who wrote an account in the 2nd half of the 2nd century BCE (264-146)
Who was Livy?
Source who wrote an account in the early 1st century CE, uses earlier sources.
Covered 753-9 BCE but only 219-166 BCE is now a full account.
What were some other sources of this Roman time period?
Plutarch’s Biographies (2nd century CE)
Cassius Dio’s Roman History (3rd century CE)
Archaeology/Epigraphs/Numismatics
What was the Roman world like in 290 BCE? (4)
Militaristic society.
Controlled by senators.
Controls most of Italian peninsula through conquest or alliance
Conquest has brought wealth, slaves and manpower (military)
What was the Pyrrhic War?And When?
Tarentum requests help from King Pyrrhus of Epirus against Rome.
280-275 BCE.
What led up to the First Punic War? (4)
289: Mamertines seize Messana
271: Rhegion seized by mercenaries so Rome restores order.
270: King Hiero II of Syracuse troubles the Mamertines
265: Mamertines appeal to both Carthage and Rome for help
What was the Treaty of Lutatius 241 BCE (1st Punic War)?
Carthage must:
Evacuate Sicily
Free Roman prisoners
Pay 3,200 talents in reparations
When was the interlude between the First and Second Punic War
241-218 BCE
What was the timeframe of the Second Punic War?
218-201 BCE
When did Hamilcar Barca land in Spain?
237 BCE
What was the cause of the outbreak of the Second Punic War?
Hamilcar Barca besieged Saguntum which even though was South of the Ebro River, it still claimed Roman protection.
What did Fabius Cuncator do in the 2nd Punic War?
Avoided meeting Hamilcar Barca in a pitched battle
How did Cornelius Scipio (Africanus) win the war?
Destroyed Carthaginian power base in Spain.
Attacked North Africa and defeated Hannibal at Zama in 201 BCE.
What were the effects of the 2nd Punic War? (4)
No rival to Rome in Western Mediterranean.
Demonstration of strength of Italian allies.
Massive military mobilisation.
First substantial Roman coinage.
What was the 2nd Macedonian War and when?
King Attalus of Pergamum appeal to Rome for help against Philip V of Macedon.
Flaminius defeats Philip at Battle of Cynoscephalae (197 BCE).
200-196 BCE
What did Flaminius declare at the Isthmian games in 196 BCE?
“Freedom of the Greeks”
When was the Achean League defeated and what was the consequence?
146 BCE
Corinth was razed to the ground.
When was the 3rd Punic War?
149-146 BCE
What happened during the 3rd Punic War?
King Masinissa of Numidia grew power in North Africa at the expense of Carthage so Carthage attacks.
Cato the Elder- “Carthage must be destroyed”.
Carthage completely destroyed by Scipio Aemilianus.
What did the expansion and conquest mean back in Rome?
Massive influx of artwork.
Wealth (made Roman citizens exempt from taxation in 167 BCE)
Slave-based economy from war captives.
What does ‘Magna Mater’ mean?
‘Great Mother’
