First English Empire and Scottish Wars of Independence Flashcards
What was the ‘Anglicisation of the British Isles’? (1100-1350)
The penetration of English peoples, institutions, norms, and culture into the non-English parts of the British Isles.
How did the English ‘invade’ the British Isles?
Transplanted low-status English settlers into these areas and in some cases even drove native inhabitants out.
Who was named Prince of Wales in 1267?
Llywelyn ap Gruffud
What humiliating event took place in 1276 for the Welsh?
Edward I managed to inflict a humiliating peace on Llywelyn and went on to build castles at Aberystwyth, Rhuddian, Flint and Builth
When was the Welsh uprising?
1282
How much did it cost Edward I to crush the Welsh revolt?
£150,000
What was the conclusion to the Welsh uprisings?
Llywelyn was killed in combat and Dafydd ap Gruffudd captured, dragged, hung, drawn and quartered.
Edward went on to build castles at Caernarfon, Conwy, Harlech and Beaumaris
Which Scottish king’s death caused instability?
Alexander III (died in 1286)
Who was the heir apparent to the Scottish throne in 1286?
Margaret, daughter of the King of Norway
Who were the 2 main claimants to the Scottish throne when Margaret died on her way to Scotland?
John Balliol and Robert Bruce of Annandale
How did Edward I try to get the Scottish throne?
Wrote to many English abbeys, priories and cathedrals trying to find proof of England’s right of overlordship over Scotland.
Why was Edward allowed overlordship?
Because the 3 claimants agreed to it in return for a passing of judgement on who should be king.
Who did Edward decide upon and when?
John Balliol
1292
Why did the Scottish seek a treaty with France in 1295?
Due to Edward’s overbearing nature over Scotland.
When did Edward invade Scotland?
1295
