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World History I (Final) > Rome and Roots of W. Civ > Flashcards

Rome and Roots of W. Civ Flashcards

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1
Q

Main Idea-Rome + W. Civ

A

Rome created a great civ, whose art + architecture, language and literature, engineering and law became it’s legacy to the world.

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2
Q

Relevance-Rome + W. Civ

A

The Romans developed many ideas and institutions that became fundamental to Western civ.

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3
Q

Pompeii

A

Ancient Roman city that was destroyed by volcano eruption

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4
Q

What year was Pompeii destroyed? What was the volcano called?

A

79 CE, Mount Vesuvius

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5
Q

What does Pompeii now contain?

A

Many great examples of Roman art and sculpture

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6
Q

How many ft of volcanic ash in Pompeii?

A

13-20

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7
Q

Where was Pompeii?

A

Italian peninsula

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8
Q

What was preserved by the volcanic ash in Pompeii?

A

Many bodies, bread + pets, sculptures, paintings, mosaics

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9
Q

How many were killed in Pompeii?

A

Thousands

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10
Q

Where do the “Romance Languages” originate?

A

Latin

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11
Q

What are the “Romance Languages?”

A

French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian

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12
Q

How many English words are Latin based?

A

About half

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13
Q

What did Latin develop into? How?

A

It was adopted by different peoples and developed into the Romance Languages

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14
Q

Where did Latin stay active after the fall of Rome?

A

It remained the language of learning in the West long afterward

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15
Q

Latin roots to English words

A

vap, ast, cata, duc, audi, sal, rupt

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16
Q

Coliseum

A

Largest amphitheater in Rome

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17
Q

What was combined to build spectacular structures of Rome? What is the famous example of one of these structures?

A

Arch, dome, and concrete. Coliseum/Colosseum

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18
Q

What Roman architecture/engineering/technology greatly affected W. civ?

A

Aqueducts (bath houses!) and roads.

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19
Q

How much was admission to the Colosseum? What was the catch?

A

Free, but seating developed on social class.

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20
Q

What was unique architecturally about the Coliseum?

A

maze under the floor

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21
Q

Why was there a maze under the Coliseum?

A

It held the animals that would go up into the arena to fight

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22
Q

How did those in the Coliseum deal with sunlight in their eyes? What does the answer exhibit?

A

Retractable awning on roof. The extent Roman engineers would go to so that their people would feel comfortable while watching people kill others.

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23
Q

What would Romans do if it got too boring for their customers?

A

periodically flood the Colosseum so the Romans would battle navally

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24
Q

What was below the floor of the Colosseum besides the maze? Why?

A

Winches and elevators. Slaves would turn things so te cages would go out the elevator and go out of the cage, up a ladder, into the arena.

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25
Q

Aqueducts

A

Bridgelike stone structure that carries water from hills to cities

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26
Q

How did the Romans engineer their aqueducts?

A

To approach the city on a gradual declining angle (several inches away every 100 ft.)

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27
Q

How did the arch revolutionize architecture in the ancient world?

A

Permitted greater spans than what was previously allowed. This changed conception of Roman architecture.

28
Q

Where did the water go after reaching the city via the aqueduct?

A

emptied into 3 holding tanks, for public drinking fountains, public baths, and emperor + wealthy Romans who paid for their own water.

29
Q

How did the Roman law system improve?

A

The judges began to recognize certain judicial standards, influenced by teachings of many philosophers

30
Q

What was Virgil’s famous quote?

A

“…Romans, never forget that government is your medium! Be this your art: to practice men in habit of peace, generosity to the conquered, and firmness against aggressors.”

31
Q

What modern countries did the Roman law system influence?

A

US and European countries.

32
Q

Describe apt. life in Ancient Rome

A

cramped, unsafe with frequent fires

33
Q

Why was turning 15 in Rome an important milestone?

A

Half Ancient Roman children die before adulthood (age 15.)

34
Q

What did most Roman boys know by age 17?

A

How to swim, run, fight, could speak well, read and write Latin, Greek

35
Q

What couldn’t a Roman do until he was age 25?

A

arrange business deals

36
Q

What could be seen in the Forum of Augustus?

A

Statues of famous Roman warriors like Aeneas or Romulus

37
Q

What did the Romans perfect in the baths?

A

window glass, allowing them to darken and lighten the steam room.

38
Q

Typical Roman bathing routine

A

Cold to warm to hot room, massages, oiled, scraped w strigil

39
Q

Bath houses lessons

A

Romans cared a lot about self care. Wealthy would spend days there, to gossip and for “spa treatment.”

40
Q

Self care-Bath houses

A

lots of oils, different temp pools of water-weathy bathed every day or every other day, showing their self indulgence

41
Q

What was the Roman road network made of?

A

Concrete

42
Q

Why did the Roman roads look like stones instead of cement?

A

First layers of cement, then stones on top

43
Q

Why so many layers in the roads?

A

More durable

44
Q

Why were there ditches in the road?

A

Drainage system

45
Q

What was the lifeblood of ancient Rome?

A

Roads. “All roads lead to Rome.” They were masters of it, and to build an empire is to build a road system. The roads allowed one to travel anywhere in just 10 days.

46
Q

How many miles of roads did Rome build? Where?

A

Built over 55,000m of paved roads throughout Europe, enough to encircle the globe.

47
Q

What did the Roman roads ensure?

A

Swift movement of goods, soldiers, and info across empire.

48
Q

What were the two aspects of Roman rules of law?

A

Civil law and Law of Nations

49
Q

How many basic principles of Roman law were there?

A

5

50
Q

First principle of Roman law

A

All people are equal

51
Q

Second principle of Roman law

A

Innocent until proven guilty

52
Q

Third principle of Roman law

A

Someone who’s accused may face their accuser and defend themselves

53
Q

Fourth principle of Roman law

A

Guilt must be very clearly established

54
Q

Fifth principle of Roman law

A

Decisions must be based of faireness

55
Q

What did Virgil think was the most important Roman contribution to civ?

A

Government

56
Q

How would you defend Virgil’s statement that government was the most important Roman contribution to civ?

A

Representative form of govt, guided by officials elected by the people, is the basis of most govts today

57
Q

What was the nickname of Attila the Hun?

A

the Scourge of God

58
Q

What group most directly caused the immediate fall of Rome?

A

Attila the Hun and his people

59
Q

Scourge

A

person that causes trouble/suffering

60
Q

Huns

A

Barbarians who burned/trashed and destroyed Rome

61
Q

What other group invaded Rome at the time of its falling?

A

Germanic tribes

62
Q

What were the contributing factors to the fall of the Western Roman Empire?

A

Political, Social, Economic and Military

63
Q

How did political factors cause the fall of Rome?

A

Office seen as burden, military influence, civil war and unrest, division of empire, and moving of capital to Byzantium

64
Q

How did military factors cause the fall of Rome?

A

Threat from non European tribes, low defense funds, problems recruiting Roman citizens, decline of loyalty/patriotism among soldiers

65
Q

How did social factors cause the fall of Rome?

A

Low Roman confidence, disloyalty/corruption, lack of patrionism, contrast btwn rich/poor, decline in population (disease/lacking food,) decline in public affair interest

66
Q

How did economic factors cause the fall of Rome?

A

Poor harvests, disruption of trade, no war plunder, inflation, gold/silver drain, tax burden and gap btwn rich/poor, impoverished

67
Q

What was the Roman Empire’s fall linked with? How? What does this explain?

A

Gout and lead poisoning. They used syrup made from grape juice brewed in lead pots in their wine and as a sweetener. Lead poisoning can greatly affect the mind, explaining the erratic behavior of some emperors.

World History I (Final) (4 decks)

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