Rome and Roots of W. Civ

Question 1

Main Idea-Rome + W. Civ

Answer 1

Rome created a great civ, whose art + architecture, language and literature, engineering and law became it’s legacy to the world.

Question 2

Relevance-Rome + W. Civ

Answer 2

The Romans developed many ideas and institutions that became fundamental to Western civ.

Question 3

Pompeii

Answer 3

Ancient Roman city that was destroyed by volcano eruption

Question 4

What year was Pompeii destroyed? What was the volcano called?

Answer 4

79 CE, Mount Vesuvius

Question 5

What does Pompeii now contain?

Answer 5

Many great examples of Roman art and sculpture

Question 6

How many ft of volcanic ash in Pompeii?

Answer 6

13-20

Question 7

Where was Pompeii?

Answer 7

Italian peninsula

Question 8

What was preserved by the volcanic ash in Pompeii?

Answer 8

Many bodies, bread + pets, sculptures, paintings, mosaics

Question 9

How many were killed in Pompeii?

Answer 9

Thousands

Question 10

Where do the “Romance Languages” originate?

Answer 10

Latin

Question 11

What are the “Romance Languages?”

Answer 11

French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian

Question 12

How many English words are Latin based?

Answer 12

About half

Question 13

What did Latin develop into? How?

Answer 13

It was adopted by different peoples and developed into the Romance Languages

Question 14

Where did Latin stay active after the fall of Rome?

Answer 14

It remained the language of learning in the West long afterward

Question 15

Latin roots to English words

Answer 15

vap, ast, cata, duc, audi, sal, rupt

Question 16

Coliseum

Answer 16

Largest amphitheater in Rome

Question 17

What was combined to build spectacular structures of Rome? What is the famous example of one of these structures?

Answer 17

Arch, dome, and concrete. Coliseum/Colosseum

Question 18

What Roman architecture/engineering/technology greatly affected W. civ?

Answer 18

Aqueducts (bath houses!) and roads.

Question 19

How much was admission to the Colosseum? What was the catch?

Answer 19

Free, but seating developed on social class.

Question 20

What was unique architecturally about the Coliseum?

Answer 20

maze under the floor

Question 21

Why was there a maze under the Coliseum?

Answer 21

It held the animals that would go up into the arena to fight

Question 22

How did those in the Coliseum deal with sunlight in their eyes? What does the answer exhibit?

Answer 22

Retractable awning on roof. The extent Roman engineers would go to so that their people would feel comfortable while watching people kill others.

Question 23

What would Romans do if it got too boring for their customers?

Answer 23

periodically flood the Colosseum so the Romans would battle navally

Question 24

What was below the floor of the Colosseum besides the maze? Why?

Answer 24

Winches and elevators. Slaves would turn things so te cages would go out the elevator and go out of the cage, up a ladder, into the arena.

Question 25

Aqueducts

Answer 25

Bridgelike stone structure that carries water from hills to cities

Question 26

How did the Romans engineer their aqueducts?

Answer 26

To approach the city on a gradual declining angle (several inches away every 100 ft.)

Question 27

How did the arch revolutionize architecture in the ancient world?

Answer 27

Permitted greater spans than what was previously allowed. This changed conception of Roman architecture.

Question 28

Where did the water go after reaching the city via the aqueduct?

Answer 28

emptied into 3 holding tanks, for public drinking fountains, public baths, and emperor + wealthy Romans who paid for their own water.

Question 29

How did the Roman law system improve?

Answer 29

The judges began to recognize certain judicial standards, influenced by teachings of many philosophers

Question 30

What was Virgil's famous quote?

Answer 30

"...Romans, never forget that government is your medium! Be this your art: to practice men in habit of peace, generosity to the conquered, and firmness against aggressors."

Question 31

What modern countries did the Roman law system influence?

Answer 31

US and European countries.

Question 32

Describe apt. life in Ancient Rome

Answer 32

cramped, unsafe with frequent fires

Question 33

Why was turning 15 in Rome an important milestone?

Answer 33

Half Ancient Roman children die before adulthood (age 15.)

Question 34

What did most Roman boys know by age 17?

Answer 34

How to swim, run, fight, could speak well, read and write Latin, Greek

Question 35

What couldn't a Roman do until he was age 25?

Answer 35

arrange business deals

Question 36

What could be seen in the Forum of Augustus?

Answer 36

Statues of famous Roman warriors like Aeneas or Romulus

Question 37

What did the Romans perfect in the baths?

Answer 37

window glass, allowing them to darken and lighten the steam room.

Question 38

Typical Roman bathing routine

Answer 38

Cold to warm to hot room, massages, oiled, scraped w strigil

Question 39

Bath houses lessons

Answer 39

Romans cared a lot about self care. Wealthy would spend days there, to gossip and for "spa treatment."

Question 40

Self care-Bath houses

Answer 40

lots of oils, different temp pools of water-weathy bathed every day or every other day, showing their self indulgence

Question 41

What was the Roman road network made of?

Answer 41

Concrete

Question 42

Why did the Roman roads look like stones instead of cement?

Answer 42

First layers of cement, then stones on top

Question 43

Why so many layers in the roads?

Answer 43

More durable

Question 44

Why were there ditches in the road?

Answer 44

Drainage system

Question 45

What was the lifeblood of ancient Rome?

Answer 45

Roads. "All roads lead to Rome." They were masters of it, and to build an empire is to build a road system. The roads allowed one to travel anywhere in just 10 days.

Question 46

How many miles of roads did Rome build? Where?

Answer 46

Built over 55,000m of paved roads throughout Europe, enough to encircle the globe.

Question 47

What did the Roman roads ensure?

Answer 47

Swift movement of goods, soldiers, and info across empire.

Question 48

What were the two aspects of Roman rules of law?

Answer 48

Civil law and Law of Nations

Question 49

How many basic principles of Roman law were there?

Answer 49

5

Question 50

First principle of Roman law

Answer 50

All people are equal

Question 51

Second principle of Roman law

Answer 51

Innocent until proven guilty

Question 52

Third principle of Roman law

Answer 52

Someone who's accused may face their accuser and defend themselves

Question 53

Fourth principle of Roman law

Answer 53

Guilt must be very clearly established

Question 54

Fifth principle of Roman law

Answer 54

Decisions must be based of faireness

Question 55

What did Virgil think was the most important Roman contribution to civ?

Answer 55

Government

Question 56

How would you defend Virgil's statement that government was the most important Roman contribution to civ?

Answer 56

Representative form of govt, guided by officials elected by the people, is the basis of most govts today

Question 57

What was the nickname of Attila the Hun?

Answer 57

the Scourge of God

Question 58

What group most directly caused the immediate fall of Rome?

Answer 58

Attila the Hun and his people

Question 59

Scourge

Answer 59

person that causes trouble/suffering

Question 60

Huns

Answer 60

Barbarians who burned/trashed and destroyed Rome

Question 61

What other group invaded Rome at the time of its falling?

Answer 61

Germanic tribes

Question 62

What were the contributing factors to the fall of the Western Roman Empire?

Answer 62

Political, Social, Economic and Military

Question 63

How did political factors cause the fall of Rome?

Answer 63

Office seen as burden, military influence, civil war and unrest, division of empire, and moving of capital to Byzantium

Question 64

How did military factors cause the fall of Rome?

Answer 64

Threat from non European tribes, low defense funds, problems recruiting Roman citizens, decline of loyalty/patriotism among soldiers

Question 65

How did social factors cause the fall of Rome?

Answer 65

Low Roman confidence, disloyalty/corruption, lack of patrionism, contrast btwn rich/poor, decline in population (disease/lacking food,) decline in public affair interest

Question 66

How did economic factors cause the fall of Rome?

Answer 66

Poor harvests, disruption of trade, no war plunder, inflation, gold/silver drain, tax burden and gap btwn rich/poor, impoverished

Question 67

What was the Roman Empire's fall linked with? How? What does this explain?

Answer 67

Gout and lead poisoning. They used syrup made from grape juice brewed in lead pots in their wine and as a sweetener. Lead poisoning can greatly affect the mind, explaining the erratic behavior of some emperors.