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Rome Flashcards

1
Q

is located in the central portion of the Italian peninsula, on the Tiber River about 15 miles (24 km) inland from the Tyrrhenian Sea.

A
  • Rome
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2
Q
  • Generally considered to be the cradle of western civilization and Christian culture.
A
  • Rome
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3
Q

was founded by the two brothers, and demigods, Romulus and Remus. The legend claims that in an argument over who would rule the city (or, in another version, where the city would be located) Romulus killed Remus and named the city after himself.

A
  • Ancient Rome
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4
Q
  • The city was named after a woman
A

, Roma,

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5
Q

the ancient name for the Tiber River, and was simply a place name given to the small trading center established on its banks.

A

Rumon

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6
Q
  • Originally a small town on the banks of the Tiber, Rome grew in size and strength, early on,through
A

trade.

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7
Q

to the north, provided a model for trade and urban luxury.

A

● The Etruscans

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8
Q
  • belonged to the upper class; and were usually the rich landowners.
  • They held positions in the government.
A

● Patricians

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9
Q

● Patricians

A

a. Consul

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10
Q

in charge of drafting laws and controlling
finance and foreign affairs.
- composed of 300 council members
- Their position was permanent

A

b. Senate

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11
Q
  • common people
  • They could not hold high government positions nor marry a patrician.
A

● Plebeians

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12
Q

● famous for its organization, discipline, and military tactics
● All men from 18-20 years old were obliged to join the army. They had to fight for 20 years.

A
  • The Roman Army
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13
Q

a large group of army composed of 3 thousand to 6 thousand soldiers.

A

● Legion

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14
Q

● Led to a conflict with Carthage known as the Punic Wars

A
  • Roman Expansion
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15
Q

● Wide gap between the rich and the poor
● Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus - distributed lands to farmers with no land
- Both were killed in separate riots that were said to have been secretly organized by the Senate whose members were not pleased with the actions of these brothers.
● Various generals assumed political roles

A
  • Crisis in the Republic
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16
Q

● Wide gap between the rich and the poor
● Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus - distributed lands to farmers with no land
- Both were killed in separate riots that were said to have been secretly organized by the Senate whose members were not pleased with the actions of these brothers.
● Various generals assumed political roles

A
  • Crisis in the Republic
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17
Q
  • Gnaeus Pompey, Marcus Crassus, Julius Caesar
  • opposed the Senate
  • Appointed themselves to rule the territory: Crassus - Syria, Pompey - Spain, and Caesar - Gaul
  • Caesar returned to Rome and became a dictator and a consul. He implemented several reforms that favored the plebians. This angered the patricians, thus they hatched a plan to have him assassinated. He was stabbed 23 times in the Roman Senate.
A
  1. First Triumvirate
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18
Q
  • Gnaeus Pompey, Marcus Crassus, Julius Caesar
  • opposed the Senate
  • Appointed themselves to rule the territory: Crassus - Syria, Pompey - Spain, and Caesar - Gaul
  • Caesar returned to Rome and became a dictator and a consul. He implemented several reforms that favored the plebians. This angered the patricians, thus they hatched a plan to have him assassinated. He was stabbed 23 times in the Roman Senate.
A
  1. First Triumvirate
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19
Q
  • Marcus Lepidus, Mark Antony, Octavian
  • They divided Rome into three provinces: Spain and Africa (Lepidus), West (Octavian), and East (Antony)
  • Octavian and Antony fought against each other in the Battle of Actium. This led to the annexation of Egypt as a province of Rome
  • Octavian’s triumph ended the Roman Republic.
A
  1. Second Triumvirate
20
Q
  • When Octavian returned to Rome, he gave up his authoritative rule and involved the senate and the people in state affairs. This earned him the title Princeps (first citizen). He was also given the title Augustus (his highness). He also took the honorary title Caesar, thus he became known as Augustus Caesar.
A

The Roman Empire

21
Q
  • When Octavian returned to Rome, he gave up his authoritative rule and involved the senate and the people in state affairs. This earned him the title Princeps (first citizen). He was also given the title Augustus (his highness). He also took the honorary title Caesar, thus he became known as Augustus Caesar.
A

The Roman Empire

22
Q

● took full control of the army
● He granted citizenship to the people in the provinces.
● He gave benefits to former soldiers and their family.
● He worked to bring back the values Romans were once known for: hardworking, disciplined, family-oriented, and loyal to the state.
● He punished adultery and encouraged couples to marry and start a family.
● He ordered the construction of roads and water systems, and the repair of public buildings.
● Under his rule, the government gave free or lowered cost of grain to the people.
● During his reign as emperor, Rome experienced a period of Pax Romana

A
  1. Augustus Caesar
23
Q
  • related to Octavian or his wife, Livia
A
  1. The Julio-Claudian Emperors
24
Q
  • son of Livia who was a capable leader but a tyrant
A

a. Tiberius

25
Q
  • nephew and adopted son of Tiberius
  • His reign was characterized by sadistic madness. He demanded to be worshiped as a god.
A

b. Caligula

26
Q
  • nephew of Tiberius
  • He suppressed the revolts in North Africa.
  • Under his reign, Britain became part of the empire.
A

c. Tiberius Claudius

27
Q
  • adopted son of Claudius
  • He is known for burning Christians as candles and persecuting them after a fire broke down in Rome.
A

d. Nero

28
Q
  • He reorganized the army and restored the administration in the empire.
  • He increased tax collection and strengthened the empire’s frontiers.
  • He ordered the construction of a large amphitheater, the Colosseum, for the people to enjoy.
A

a. Vespasian

29
Q
  • son of Vespasian
  • During his time, Mt Vesuvius erupted which covered some towns with lava. Another disaster struck during his reign, a fire that occurred in Rome.
A

b. Titus

30
Q
  • son of Vespasian
  • autocratic ruler who fought with senators, imposed taxes, and confiscated costly buildings.
A

c. Domitian

31
Q
  1. The Five Good Emperors
A

a. Nerva b. Trajanc. Hadriand. Antoninus Piuse. Marcus Aurelius

32
Q
  • He purchased land from the wealthy landlords and distributed them to the poor.
  • He set aside funds for the education of children whose parents could not afford sending them to school
A

a. Nerva

33
Q
  • He expanded the Roman territory in the east of the Euphrates and Dacia, north of the Danube.
  • Because of his efforts, he was given the title optimus.
A

b. Trajan

34
Q
  • He was a patron of literature and the arts and was known for his tolerance towards Christians.
  • He believed that Rome’s mission was to improve the empire and not to expand it.
  • He was known for visiting the provinces of Rome and looking after the needs of the people there.
A

c. Hadrian

35
Q
  • He continued the peace and prosperity of Rome. He was kind to his people and the Christians.
  • He laid down the principle that a person is innocent until proven guilty.
A

d. Antoninus Pius

36
Q

d. Antoninus Pius

A

e. Marcus Aurelius

37
Q
  • His reign was marred by inability and corruption.
A

Commodus

38
Q
  • He had to assume absolute power to save Rome after the civil war that took place.
  • He strengthened the army and controlled the price of commodities.
  • He split the empire into two:
A

Diocletian

39
Q

a. Latin-speaking west composed of

A

Italy, Spain, Gaul, and Britain

40
Q

b. Greek-speaking east of Greece

A

Anatolia, Syria, and Egypt

41
Q
  • He continued the administrative reforms of Diocletian
  • He accepted Christianity and ordered the suppression of tortures and killings of Christians.
  • He transferred the imperial capital from Rome to Byzantium, which was later named Constantinople.
  • He was considered the first Christian emperor in Rome.
A

Constantine

42
Q

last emperor of the unified Roman empire
- He was succeeded by his sons, Honorius who settled in the west, and
Arcadius in the east.

A

. Theodosius I

43
Q

● emperor who led the Byzantine empire to its peak.
● He recovered the territories that once belonged to Rome from the Germanic tribes.
● He made the Justinian Code which is the basis of law codes in modern times.
● He funded many public work projects like roads, aqueducts, hospitals, schools, and churches. The Hagia Sophia or Church of Wisdom was the most famous structure built in his reign.

A
  • Justinian
44
Q

● civil wars drained the empire’s finances
● It was surrounded by enemies, hence, it steadily lost territories
● The Arabs were the greatest threat to the empire. It led to wars between the Christians and Muslims called crusades.
● The leader of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed II, successfully invaded Constantinople and changed its name to Istanbul

A
  • The decline of the empire began after the reign of Justinian.
45
Q
  • To save the Roman Empire, Constantine established the Byzantine Empire.
  • It followed Greek influence but embraced the laws and administration of the Romans.
A

The Byzantine Empire

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