Age of enlightenment

Question 1

was an intellectual movement characterized by a revived interest in the classical world and studies which focused not on religion but what it is to be human.

Answer 1

1. The focus of humanism during the Renaissance period

Question 2

It was a religious ________ movement that swept through Europe in the 1500s. It resulted in the creation of a branch of Christianity called Protestantism, a name used collectively to refer to the many religious groups that separated from the Roman Catholic Church due to the differences in doctrine.

Answer 2

2. Protestant Reformation

Question 3

According to John Locke, people have __________such as life, liberty, and property by virtue of their human nature rather than on account of prevailing laws.
In America, the Declaration of Independence drew heavily from Locke, particularly the famous phrase, “life, liberty, and happiness”. __________ are also guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.
In France, natural rights were the foundation of the Declaration of the Rights of a Man, a document about human rights during the French Revolution.

Answer 3

1. Natural Rights

Question 4

The ______________ theory says that people live together in society in accordance with an agreement that establishes moral and political rules of behavior. Some people believe that if we live according to a ___________, we can live morally by our own choice and not because a divine being requires it.
In both the American and French Revolutions, this theory gave the people a reason to overthrow their monarchs. Because of this theory, the American Constitution outlines elections for all offices as well as a way to remove a president from office if they are not doing their job. In France, the people believed that their monarchy was not honoring the ________ and they overthrew it and replaced it with a republic.

Answer 4

2. Social Contract

Question 5

When America was designing its new government, the founders introduced three separate branches of government. These three branches – legislative, executive, and judicial – have the power to check the other two. This system is called checks and balances. In France, the monarch and the Three Estates were removed from power because of how the First and Second Estates abused the peasants of the Third Estate.

Answer 5

3. Balance of Power

Question 6

During the age of absolute monarchies, religion played an important role. It was often a measure of control for the people. The founders of America and the French Revolution both knew this and took steps to make sure this did not happen again. In America, religious freedom was guaranteed in the Bill of Rights. People had the freedom of religion that was protected by the government. In France, all religions were eventually given both civil and political rights.

Answer 6

4. Separation of Church and State