Romantic Lit Pt 1 Authors Flashcards
What are the 3 things Washington Irving is known as?
“First Man of American Letters”, “Dean of American Literature”, “Inventor of the Short Story”
Also was the first American writer to become famous throughout world
What did Washington Irving write?
Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Rip Van Winkle, The Devil and Tom Walker
Who could be considered America’s finest novelist?
James Fennimore Cooper (writings were highly romantic because of their frontier setting)
What are James Fennimore Cooper’s writings?
The Leatherstocking Tales, The Deer Slayer, The Pathfinder, The Last of the Mohicans (all followed Natty Bumpo’s adventures)
What 2 things is William Cullen Bryant known as?
“Father of American Poetry”, “America’s First Great Poet of Nature”
What types of works was Edgar Allan Poe known for?
Inventing the modern detective story, horror tale, and literary criticism; known for short stories and poetry (poetry was extremely melodic and has an eeire quality)
Name some of Edgar Allan Poe’s poems and short stories.
Poems- “The Raven”, “Annabel Lee”, “To Helen”
Short Stories- “The Tell-Tale Heart”, “Murders in the Rue Morgue”, “Masque of the Red Death”, “The Fall of the House of Usher”
Which author worked from his Puritan heritage and created “allegories of the heart” which developed themes of sin and guilt?
Nathaniel Hawthorne
What is Nathaniel Hawthorne’s best known novel and short story?
The Scarlett Letter and “Young Goodman Brown”
Who is ranked as one of America’s top novelists?
Herman Melville
Name writings of Herman Melville.
Moby Dick (America’s greatest prose epic), “Billy Budd”, “Bartleby”
Name the writings of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.
“Evangeline”, “Song of Hiawatha”, “Paul Revere’s Ride”
Name the writings of John Greenleaf Whittier.
“Snowbound”, Ichabod Crane”
Name what James Russell Lowell wrote.
“The Courtin’”
What did Oliver Wendell Holmes write?
“Old Ironsides”, “The Last Leaf”, “The Chambered Nautilus”
Who is the founder of transcendentalism?
Ralph Waldo Emerson
What did Ralph Waldo Emerson write?
“Concord Hymn”, “Self-Reliance”
Who was the most ardent follower of Emerson, and came the closest to following teachings of transcendentalism?
Henry David Thoreau
What were Henry Thoreau’s writings?
“Civil Disobdience” (essay), and Walden (novel stressing his experiment in self-sufficient living)
Define Romanticism:
A view of life emphasizing man’s aspirations, emotions, invidiuality, personal experiences, imagination, and the distant (used distant and often mysterious and exoic settings in both space and time)
What were characteristics of Romantic writings?
Stressed personal experience and their writings were highly emotional
The 19th century in America was a time of great ___________ and ____________ on the western frontier and high seas as the new nation epanded.
frontier and exploration
What new forms of literature rose in the Romantic period?
Novel, short story, essays, periodical, literary criticism, humor, America’s finest poetry
Poe’s writings dealt with what areas of Romanticism?
Superficial, fanciful, mysterious, adventerous, and gothic (dark irrational side of the imaginiation)
Awareness of emotions replaced __________.
reason
What do Poe’s characters often display?
Poe often displays tortured minds and habits of inward-looking characters
What do Hawthorne’s characters display?
Effects of personal guilt that his characters experience
What did romantic writings focus on?
Individuality, Idealism, Nationalism
Define the theme of individuliaty.
Focus on self and the indiviual and personal aspiration
Define the theme of idealism.
Belief in a heroic mode of behavior that would make life worthwhile (Washington Irving & James Fennimore Cooper focused on this)
Define the theme of Nationalism.
Writers exhibited passionate love of country; were completely aware of importance of establishing
What 2 genres did Romanticism make contributions to?
The novel and short story
What are the classifications of Romantic writers?
Knickerbockers (in NYC), New England School, Fireside/Schoolroom Poets
How did Ralph Waldo Emerson spread transcendentalism?
Through the lyceum (speaking tour)
What writers were “Knickerbockers”?
Washingon Irving, James Fenimore Cooper, William Cullen Bryant
What writers in the New England School?
Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville
Who were the Fireside or Schoolroom Poets?
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, John Greenleaf Whittier, James Russell Lowell, Oliver Wendell Holmes
